模板英语/词组/句子
文章目录
万能背景简洁版
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With the reform and opening-up in recent decades in China, people’s living standard has been significantly improved.
随着中国的改革开放，人民的生活质量被显著提高
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With a sharp increase in population, people’s work and life are increasingly stressful.
随着人口增多，人们的工作和生活越来越有压力
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As the job market is getting gloomy and competition is becoming fierce, it is increasingly difficult for college undergraduates to find a decent job.
随着劳动力市场变得低迷，竞争日趋激烈，对于大学生来说找到一份好工作越来越困难。
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The Internet has penetrated every aspect of daily life , greatly affecting out ways of communication.
因特网渗透到我们日常生活的方方面面，很大程序影响了我们交流的方式。
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Higher education plays a key role in aiding students’ growth and development.
高等教育在帮助学生成长和发展中扮演着关键角色。
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With the rapid development of the economy and society, public morality has declined to an extent.
随着经济和社会的发展， 公共道德已经衰落到一定的程度。
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Schools nowadays tend to pay special attention to the students’ academic scores rather than their morality.
如今，学校更重视学习成绩，而非学生的道德。
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It is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them.
众所周知，我们住在一个动态的世界里，面临很多困难。我们只能面对他们。
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The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them. So having right values in life is very important for us, especially youngsters.
生命的价值并非在于天的长度，而是在于我们怎么利用它，因此具有正确的价值观非常重要，尤其是的年轻人。
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Travelling can enlarge our experiences, relax our mind and widen our circle of friends.
旅游能增加我们的经历，放松我们的心情，以及拓展我们的朋友圈。
万能背景替换版
适合六级与想法不同的人
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The Chinese economy experienced astonishing growth in the last few decades.
中国的经济在过去几十年经历了惊人的增长
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Owing to the steady and rapid economic development of our country, people’s living standard is simultaneously improving at a fast rate.
随着我们国家稳定和快速的经济增长，人民的生活质量同时快速提高。
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With Chinese universities keep expanding their scale of students’ enrollment, college students find it more and more difficult to find a job upon graduation.
随着中国大学不断扩大招生规模，大学生在毕业之际找一份工作越来越圣难。
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Students of modern society are presented with a much more complicated and intricate world which is featured with high frequency of human interaction.
当代社会的学生面对一个越来越复杂世界，该世界频繁的人际交往为特征。
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In modern society where competition is intense, young people are under enormous strain from their work and family.
当代社会中，竞争激烈，年轻人承受着来自工作和家庭的压力。
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Modern technology considerably alters the way people communicate with each other.
当代技术显著改变了人们相互沟通的方式
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It is fair to assert that it is science and technology that should be given most of the credit in fabricating our modern life.
我们可以公正地断言，是科学和技术在很大程度上塑造了人类的现代生活。
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The late 90s had seen the birth and boom of the Internet, which was starting to convince people of its advantage in speeding up communication.
90年代末期见证了网络的诞生和兴旺，这让人们相信其在加快沟通当中的优势
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Education can cultivate and elevate people’s mind, empowering us with confidence, courage and other virtues.
教育可以培养并提高人们的大脑，给我们以信心，勇气和其他品质。
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Most students usually concentrate merely on their school performance but neglect the other important aspects in life.
大多数学生通常仅仅关注他们学校的表现，却忽略了生活中其他重要方面。
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Everybody embraces his or her own ambition, and most of us are willing to strive towards its realization.
每个人都拥有自己的野心，大多数人愿意朝着实现目标而奋斗。
万能背景替换版part3
经济类
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The reform and opening-up policy in China has led to rapid economic growth, which has given rise to a higher standard of living.
中国的改革开放政策导致了快速的经济发展，从而促进了更高的生活质量。
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In recent years, China is marked by rapid economic growth and continuous technological innovation.
近年来，中国以快速的经济增长和持续的技术革新为特征
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The past several years have witnessed a burgeoning economy in China.
近年来，中国经济生机勃勃
人口类
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The period of the 1970s is characterized by the baby boom in China. With an exponential increase in population, people’s work and life are increasingly stressful.
20世纪70年代这段时期，中国出现 了婴儿潮，人口越来越多，导致人们的工作和生活越来越有压力。
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China has a vast population and its substantial growth rate. However, fast increasing population has potentially negative results, such as intense competition.
中国拥有庞大的人口和其显著的增长率，然而，快速增长的人口有潜在问题，比如激烈的竞争。
社会类
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With the quickening pace of urban life and ever-increasing pressure, people in growing numbers are suffering from either the physical or mental problems.
随着不断加快的都市节奏以及日益增长的压力，越来越多的人正遭受到身体或心理的问题。
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However, as the job market is getting gloomy and competition is becoming fierce, it is increasingly difficult for college undergraduates to find a decent job.
然而，随着，劳动力市场变得低迷，竞争日趋激烈，对于大学生来说找到一份好的工作越来越困难。
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An overemphasis on early success, mounting peer pressure and confusion over changing social values may also climb onto youngsters’ already overburdened shoulders.
过于强调早期的成功、越来越多的由同龄人压力、以及运球变化的社会价值的困惑也爬上了年轻人已经过度负担的肩膀上。
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There is an increasing upward mobility of the younger generation and dramatic changes in traditional concepts.
现在，年轻一代有不断攀升的动力，社会传统观念正在发生变化。
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Internet celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture in China.
网红已经成为了中国流行文化的重要代表之一。
技术类
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Invented less than hundred years ago, computers are now used everywhere.
计算机发明还不到一百年，现在已经到处在使用
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Time and again, science and technology has created wonders and even miracles, thus fortifying our belief in it.
科技屡屡创造奇观，甚至奇迹，因此坚定了我们对于其信仰。
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The Internet has penetrated every aspect of daily life, greatly affecting our ways of communication.
因特网渗透到我们日常生活的方方面面，很大程度影响我们交流的方式。
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Technological innovation really brings us much convenience, exerting a huge impact on our traditional cultures.
技术革新给我们带来了许多便利，同时也对于传统文化产生了巨大的影响。
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The popularity of computers and Internet access has laid a solid foundation for the development of e-commerce.
电脑和网络的流行对于电子商务的发展打下了坚实的基础。
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China has gradually gained a cutting edge in the global arena, since out country has so far invested a huge amount of money in improving our technology.
中国逐渐在全球舞台上获得了尖端优势，因为我们国家至今已经在提高我们的技术上投入了大量的钱。
教育类
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Education is indeed a worthwhile investment. Higher education plays a key role in aiding students’ growth and development. They can get the opportunity to increase their knowledge and learn to be independent.
教育实际是一笔值得的投资。高等教育在帮助学生成长和发展中扮演着关键角色。他们有机会增加自己的学识并学会独立。
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With the rapid development of the economy and society, public morality has declined to an extent. More and more people are becoming indifferent or scared to help people in trouble. This phenomenon can be attributed to the inappropriate role models and the lack of well-defined norms of behaviors.
随着经济和社会的发展，公共道德已经衰落到一定的程度。越来越多的人对于帮助陷入困难的人变得冷漠和害怕。这个现象可以归因于不合适的模范和缺乏优良的行为准则。
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Schools nowadays tend to pay special attention to the students’ academic scores rather than their morality.
如今，学校更重视学习成绩，而非学生的道德。
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Reading is of utmost importance for one’s life. Reading can increase our contentment when we are cheerful and happy, and can lessen our pain when we are sad an lonely. Reading can also help people relax and unwind. All of us can savor a wide range of experiences through reading. All in all, reading increases our knowledge and skills, broadens our horizon and widens our circle of friends.
阅读在我们生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。阅读可以在我们高兴快乐时增加我们的满足感，也可以在我们难过孤独的时减少我们的痛苦。阅读也可以帮助人们放松心情。我们可以通过阅读品尝广泛的经历。总而言之，阅读增加了我们的知识和技术，扩展了我们的视野，扩大了我们的交际圈。
环境类
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We are suffering greatly from the environmental destruction. Environmental protection is caring about ourselves and ensuring environmental sustainability for future generation.
我们正在遭受到巨大的环境破坏。环境保护是关怀我们自己，并且为我们的后代确保环境的可持续发展。
家庭类
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There exist some misunderstandings and generation gaps between parents and their children. However, everyone has the duty to take care of their parents, especially when they are old and sick. Also, an increasing aging population will have enormous consequences for any society.
在父母和子女中存在着一些误解和代沟。然后每个人都有责任去照顾自己的父母，尤其当他们年老多病的。而且，越来越多的老龄化人口对于任何社会都具有巨大的影响。
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It is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Attitude is the key point to take the first step.
众所周知，我们住在一个动态的世界里，面临很多困难。我们只能面对他们。态度是迈出第一步的关键。
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Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it. The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them. So having right values in life is very important for us, especially youngsters.
生命之百分之十在于你如何 塑造它，百分之九十在于你如何对待它。生命的价值并非在于天的长度，而是在于我们怎么利用他。国此具有正确的价值观非常重要，尤其是年轻人。
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Happiness does not lie in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievements.
幸福并非仅仅在于拥有金钱，它也在于获得成就的喜悦。
范文
October 14,2007
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to you to apply for a student loan. As a freshman from the English Department, I have much financial difficulty in continuing my study.
There are five members in my family. My father is the only breadwinner of the whole family while my mother was laid off two years age. My grandmother has been suffering a chronic illness for more than five years. My younger brother is now studying in a high school. I took part-time jobs during the summer vacation, but what I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees. In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a student loan.
If my request is granted,I will make good use of the money and put my heart into study. I will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements. I hope that you will consider my application.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Gao Peng
Dear Freshmen,
I, the undersigned, am a senior in the Computer Science Department of Peking University. I would like to say a few words you, which I hope would be helpful to you.
To begin with, the change of ideas is of most importance for freshmen to adapt themselves to campus life. During the middle school days, we usually depend upon our teachers at school and parents at home. However, the life and study on university campus features independence, which is essential to our psychological development. In my view, we had better always bear in mind the idea of independence.
What’s more, English learning is a must. On one hand, without CET 4 certificate, we can not get our degree when we graduate from university, On the other hand, when we hunt for job, English level is a deciding factor. Therefore, I do hope that all of you will have a good understanding of the necessity of learning English well.
Good Luck to you!
短语
传统文化类
四大发明：the four great inventions
印刷术：printing/movable-type printing
造纸术：paper-marking
指南针：compass
火药：gunpowder
丝绸之路：the silk Road
瓷器：china/pottery
硬币/纸币：coins/paper bills
对外贸易/海外贸易/海上贸易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce
古代文明：ancient civilization
文化交流：cultural exchange
文化冲突：cultural shock/cultural conflict
文化产业：cultural industry
文化遗产：cultural heritage
乡村文化：rural culture
民族文化；national culture
民间艺术：folk art
表演艺术：performing art
特征：feature/characteristic
祖先：ancestor
哲学家：philosopher
中国文学：Chinese literature
中外学者：Chinese and overseas scholars
巨著：great works
显著成就：remarkable achievements
神话/传说：myth /legend
阳历/阴历：solar calendar/lunar calendar
金木水火土：metal,wood, water, fire, earth
工艺/手工艺品：craft/handicraft
唐朝：Tang Dynasty
始于…年/持续…时间/灭亡：begin in/last for/collapse
在…统治下：during the reign of …
权力/权威：power/authority
戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/Peking Opera/theater
诗人/政客：poet/politician
少数民族：ethnic minority
社会地位：social status
起源于：originate in/from。。。 在同一个地方用in ,从一个地方起源用from
追溯到：be traced back to …/trace …back to …
发源地：birthplace
古代：ancient times
现代：modern times
独特元素：a unique elements
组成：A constitute B /A comprise B / A make up B (A组成B) B consist of A/ B is composed of (B由A组成)
工业革命：industrial revolution
代表：represent/stand for
象征：symbolize(v.) / symbolic (adj.) / symbol (n.)
繁荣：prosperous (adj.)/ prosperity (n.)/flourish(v.)
国宝：national treasure
腐败：corruption
扩大领土：extend the territory/domain
夺取政权：seize the power
才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
下期饮茶：play chess and drink tea
耕耘收割：sow and reap
织布缝衣：weave and sew
湖上打鱼：fish on the lake
砍柴采药：cut firewood and gather herbs
吟诗作画：compose poems and paint pictures
旅游城市类
楼： Mansion
亭：pavilion
新趋势: new trend/tendency
:溪/河/海: stream/river/sea
背包旅行背包客： backpacking/backpacker
林/田/牧：forest/field/pasture
体验文化：experience cultures
东南角东南部：southeast corner/southeastern part
丰富知识：enlarge knowledge
拓展视野: broaden horizon
华北:North China/northern regions of China
餐馆/旅馆: restaurant/hotel
陕南: southern Shaanxi
住宅集市/庭院： dwelling/market/courtyard
江南: Yangtze River Delta
山东省中部: in the center of Shandong Province
洪水/干旱: flood/drought
衣食住行: clothing， meals ， accommodation， transportation
蜿蜒小路: winding-road-trail
朝圣/朝圣者 pilgrimage/pilgrim
月饼: moon cake
避暑胜地: summer resort
海鲜: seafood
＊美不胜收: too many beautiful things to be appreciated at once
年糕: rice cake
饺子: dumplings
闻名遐迩: known far and wide
面条: noodle
＊奇花异草: exotic flowers and herbs
面粉:flour
络绎不绝: an endless stream
粥: porridge
山水画: landscape painting
米饭（水稻）:rice
谷物（粮食）: grain
摄影: photograpny
小麦:wheat
获得灵感: obtain inspiration
三明治: sandwich
缆车: cable cars
汉堡: hamburger
汤:soup
菜:dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜， cuisine是肴、烹饪）
糖盐酒油: sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil
色香味行: color/aroma/taste/appearance
酸/甜/苦辣咸淡: sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light
煮/炸/熏/烤:boil/fry/smoke/bake（roast， grill）
西瓜/葡萄: watermelon/grape
科学教育类
大一大二/大三/大四: freshman/sophomore/junior/senior
学士/硕士/博士: bachelor/ master/doctor获得学位: obtain/ receive degree
文凭/证书: diploma/certificate
学年: academic year
学期:term/semester
学习成绩： academic record
学习表现：academic performance
学分: credit
毕业论文: thesis［本硕］ dissertation［博士]
文科/理科:arts/science
本科生: undergraduate
大学毕业生: college/university graduates
研究生: postgraduate
博士生:Ph.d. candidate
幼儿园: kindergarten
小学: primary school/elementary school
中学: secondary school/high school
系/主修/辅修: department/major/ minor
教学设施: teaching facility
食堂: dining hall/ canteen
宿舍: dormitory
选修课: elective/optional course
学费: tuition fee
教授/副教授/讲师: professor/associate professor/lecturer
全体老师: faculty
终身教育: lifelong education
素质教育: quality-oriented- education
应试教育:exam -oriented- education
理论知识: theoretical knowledge
实践知识: practical knowledge
信息时代: information age
逃课: skip class
德智体美劳全面发展: all around development of moral， intellectual， physical， aesthetics and labor education
学习氛围: learning atmosphere
激发兴趣: stimulate one’s interest
开发潜力: tap one‘s potential
学生减负: reduce study load
做兼职: work part-time
＊自我约束:self- discipline
自我训练:self -training-
代沟: generation gap
＊辍学/失学学生: school dropout/leaver
课外活动: extracurricular activity/ after-school program
学生会: students’ association
＊研讨会: seminar
考研: take the Graduate Schoo Admission Test
创业: start/build one＇s＇ own business
出国/出国留: go abroad/study abroad
就业:get/find job
重点大学: key university
招生: recruit(v.）recruitment（n）
录取: enroll（v） enrollment（n）
申请入学: apply for admission to/into
高考: College Entrance Examination/
雇主/雇员: employer/employee
职业培训: job training
奖学金: scholarship
专门人才: professional personnel
创新: innovation
政治经济类
一千: one thousand
一万: ten thousand
百万: one million
十亿: one billion
收益/成本利润/花费: benefit/cost/profit/expense
优等品/劣质品: superior goods/inferior spoo6
风险/投资；risk/ investment
商品: commodity
消费: consumption（n.）consume（v)
折扣: discount
发 达的/发展中/欠发达: developed/developing/underdeveloped
经济危机:economic crisis
经济衰退: economic recession
经济萧条: economie depression
经济复苏： economie recovery
货币贬值 : devaluation
*通货隧胀: infiation
顺差/逆差 : favorable balance/ adverse bafance
*关税: tariff
*债务减免: debt relief
国内补贴: domestic subsidy
可持续发展： sustainabie development
私营企业: private enterprise
购买力: purchasing power
预算: budget
风险资本: venture capital
经济调节：economic reguiation
*技术密紫型产业: technology-intensive industry
劳动密集型产业： labor-intensive industry
出口/进口: export/import
生产力: productivity
零售/批发: rgtail/wholesale
需求/供给: demand/supplgy
满足需求: meet the need
实施/推行:implement/carry out
强调: emphasize
提倡: advocate
号召: cal lon
共同努力: join effort
*集体的/个人的: collective/individual
改善/增强人提高/推动
improve/enhance/boost/promote
解快: tackle/deal with/solve/address
人力资源: human resources
就业机会:job opportunity
国家安全: national security
*边界谈判: boundary negotiation
核能: nuclear energy
*维持外交关系: maintain diplomatic relations
*维护世界和平: safeguard world peace
版权: copgrigbt
盗版: piracy
基因芯片: genetic chip
改革开放: reform and opening-up
转让: technology transfer
航天技术：space technology
尖端技术:state-of-the-art technology/ cutting-edged technology
改造传统: renovate conventional industries
建设国家创新体系: develop a national innovation system
工程中心: engingering center
*专利: patent
*应用型科研机构: application-based research institution
工业升级: industrial upgrade
生物技术/生命科学: biotechnology/life science
纳米技术:nano technology
*网络犯罪: cyber crime
网民: netizen
教育公平:education equality
教育器材: education equipment
沿海城市: coastal city
占比例: account for … percent
*签署合同: sign a contract
消陈贫围: eliminate/reduce/get rid of poverty
环境保护:environmental protection
污染预防: pollution prevention
污染控制: pollution control
治理环境污染: curb environmental pollution
基本政策: basic policies
*皮水/废气: waste water/waste gas
环境恶化:environmental degradation /deterioration
城市的/城市化: urban/urbanization
农村的:rural
开发可再生资源: develop renewable
resources
濒危野生动物: endangered wildlife机械/
机械化: machinery/mechanization
大学英语读写词汇篇
1 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3 给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4 培养：Develop, cultivate, foster
5 优势： Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, ypside, strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback,_ downside, weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8 重要的 Key，crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9 认为： Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10 保护：Protect, conserve. P-e5exe
11 确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13 要求： Request, demand, needs, requisition
14 消除： Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15 导致： Lead to, bring about,result in, pause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16 因此：So, therefore, thus hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，goup to，climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to
18 降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to
19 保持稳定: Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same
level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, keep its stability, even out
20 急剧地: Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly，markedly， surprisingly， strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably
21 平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，
marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly
22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23 发生：Happen, occur, take place
24 原因：Reason, factor, cause
25 发展：Development, advance, progress
26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding; advantageous
27 影响：Influence,impact, effect
28 明显的： Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29 占:Comprise ,take up,account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30 与…相比： Compared with， compared to， in comparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to
31 对比而言：By contrast,in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary;, conversely
32 展示: Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33.大约：Approximately， almost, about，around，hearly, roughly
34 波动：Fluctuate, go ups and downs，display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation
35 事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，inessence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that
36 换言之：Namely， that is to say， in other words，to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle.
★形容词:
1.贫穷的：poor； needy ；impoverished; poverty-stricken
2.富裕的：rich；wealthy; affluent; well-to-do； well-off
3.优秀的： excellent ；eminent; top ;outstanding ;exceptional
4.积极的，好的：good；conducive； beneficial; advantageous
5.消极的，不良的：bad； detrimental；baneful；undesirable
6.明显的：obvious ； apparent ； evident ；manifest
8.惊人的：surprising； amazing； extraordinary；miraculous
9.美丽的：beautiful；attractive ；gorgeous ；eye-catching; appealing;charming
10.有活力的：energetic； dynamic；
11.流行的： popular； prevailing； prevalent;
11.普遍的 Everywhere Widespread 、 Prevalent 、Overflow
12.好的 Good ;Beneficial;Advantageous
13.有害的 Harmful Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful
14.富有的 Rich Wealthy、Affluent
15.严重的 Serious Severe
16.便宜的 cheap Economical、Inexpensive
★动词:
1.提高，加强：improve；enhance; promote; strengthen; optimize
2.引起：cause； trigger；endanger
3.解决：solve ； resolve ；address ; tackle; cope with； deal with
4.拆除： destroy；tear down; knock down; eradicate
5.培养: develop；cultivate;
6.激发，鼓励：encourage；motivate; stimulate; spur
7.认为： think ；assert; hold; claim; argue
8.完成： complete ； fulfill; accomplish; achieve
9.保留：keep； preserve； retain； hold
10.有害于：destroy ； impair ； undermine; jeopardize
11.减轻: ease； alleviate； relieve； lighten
12.改变：change,Transform
13.强调：Emphasize Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个 9 星级用法）
14.培养：Develop, Cultivate、Nurture
15.破坏：Break Impair、Undermine 这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏 Jeopardize、Devastate
16.解决 deal With,Tackle、Address (这也是高难度用法，很牛)、Resolve
17 需要.need Require、necessitate、call for
★名词：
1.影响：influence； impact
2.危险：danger； perils； hazard
3.污染：pollution； contamination
4.人类：human beings； mankind； human race
5.老人：the old ; the elderly ; the aged ; senior citizens
6.幸福：happiness；cheerfulness; well-being
7.老师：teachers ；instructors；educators ; lecturers
8.教育: education； schooling；family parenting; upbringing
9.青少年：young people； youngsters； youths；adolescents
10.优点： advantage ； merits ；superiority; virtue(美德)
11.责任： responsibility；bbligation; duty；lability
12.能力： ability； capacity； power； skill
13.职业： job ；career; employment profession
14.娱乐： enjoyment ; pastimes; recreation; entertainment
15.孩子： children ； offspring ； descendant; kid
16 .祖先 Forefather ， Ancestor、Predecessor
17.不同 Difference, Gap ,Distinction
18 犯罪.Crime Delinquency、Criminal Act
19.环境 Environment Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience
20.污染 Pollution Contamination
21.人类，Human. The human race ， Humanity ， Humankind
22.在当今社会 In modern society /In contemporary society /In present-day society/In this day and age
★短语：
1.充满了：be filled with ； be awash with； be inundate with; be saturated with
2.努力：struggle for ； aspire after ； strive for ; spare no efforts for
3.从事： embark on ； takeup； set about； go in for
4.在当代: in contemporary society； in present-day society; in this day and age
5.大量的； a host of ； a multitude of ； a vast number of; a vast amount of
★插入语
1.indeed 的确；
2.surely 无疑；
3.however 然而；
4.obviously 显然
5.frankly 坦率地说；
6.naturally 自然；
7.luckily(或happily)for sb.算某人幸运；
8.fortunatelyluckily 幸好；
9.honestly 真的；
10.briefly 简单地说，
11.strange to say 说也奇怪；
12.needless to say 不用说；
13.most important of all 最为重要是；
13.worse still 更糟糕的是；
14.in a few words(或 in sum, in short)简而言之；
15.in other words 换句话说；
16.in a sense 在某种意义上;
17.in general 一般说来；
18.in my view 在我看
来；
19.in conclusion 总之;
20.in summary 概括地说；
21.in fact .事实上；
22.in the first place 首先；
23.in addition 此外；
24.of course 当然；
25.to my knowledge 据我所知;
26.for instance(或 example)例如；
27.as a matter of fiact 事实上，
28.strictly speaking 严格地说：
29.generally speaking 一般地说；
30.judging from…根据.……判断，
31.to be sure 无疑；
32.o sum up 概括地说；
33.to tell the truth 老实说，
34.I am sure 我可以肯定地说；
35.I believe 我相信；
36.I wonder 我不知道；
37.that is 也就是说；
38.it seems 看来是;
39.as I see it 照我看来；
40.what is important (serious) 重要(严重)的是
替换词
1.individuals,characters, folks 替换 people ,persons
2:positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding,superior替换 good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替换 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换
Eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or
killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.(不够理想，不尽 如人意，差）
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ;a host of, many, if not most)替换 many,
注：用 many, if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea
that.…
5.a slice of， quiet a few, several 替换 some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think
7：affair business，matter 替换 thing
8:shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits)
10:for my part ,fromh my own perspective 替换 in my opinjon
11.Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more(注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing,修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly,
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything,或 little or nothing 替换 hardly
13.beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换 customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very
16.hardly necessary, hardy inevitable … 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sthexerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one’s attention 替换 attract one’s attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere 代 aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause
22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth
23.desire替换 want
24 pour attention into 替换 pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换 remember
26.enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的 意思）
27.interaction 替换 communication
28.frown on sth 替换 be against, disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance
30.next to / virtually impossible,替换 nearly / almost impossible
连接词
1.增补(Addition)
in addition 另外, furthermor e 此外, again, also, besides, moreover 此外,similarly, finally 最后
2.比较(Comparison)
in the same way, likewise 同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison 比较起来,just as 同样地
3.对照(Contrast)
whereas 然而, in contrast 与此相反, on the other hand, instead 同样, however 然而, nevertheless 然而,
unlike, even though 即使, on the contrary, while
4.因果(Cause and effect)
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
5.强调(Emphasis)
certainly,above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as 'a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in
particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
6.让步(Concession)
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still provided, while it is true
7.例证（Exemplification)
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
9.推断(Inference)
therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
10.时间和空间(Time and space)
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle,
opposite, in front of
11.启承转合
-
启（首段）
Apfoverb says.…… At presen…
As the proverb says… Currently…
Generally speaking,… Now,…
In general,’… On the Whole…
It is clear that… Recently…
It is often said that… Without doubt,… -
承（中间段落）
First(of all),… Moreover,…
Firstly,… Yo one can deny that…
In the first place.,…bviously._
To begin with,… Of course,
Also,… Similarly,…
At the same time… Therefore, we should realize that…
Certainly… There is no doubt that…
In addition,… What’s more,…
In fact…I I can be easily proved that…
Meanwhile… -
转（中间段落)
But… Still,…
But the problem is not so simple,
There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…
However,
… To our surprise,…Nevertheless,… Unfortunately…
On the other hand,…
Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel
that…
Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think… -
合(结束段落)
Above all, In brie,—…
Accordingly,… In conclusion,…
All in all,…
In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion
that.’……
As a consequence.,… n short,…
As I have shown/said/stated/… In sum,…….
In summary.,… As has been noted,…
Obviously.,… By so doing,…
On the whole,… Consequently,…
Presumably,… Bventually,…
To conclude,… Finally,…
To sum up,… In a word,…, To summarize,…
万能句型简洁版
一、开头
- Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
- Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
- Nowadays there is a growing concern over …
- There’s no denying the fact that…
- It is well-known/obvious/ apparent that.
- According to a recent survey,…
二、结尾
- From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that …
- In conclusion, it is clear that …
- Whether it is good or not lpositive or negative, one thing is certain/clear…
- Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable…
- From my point of view, it would be better if…
三、表比较
- The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
- The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
- A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that…
- For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
- Like anything else, it has its faults.
- A and B has several points in common.
- However, the same is not applicable to B.
- A and B differ in several ways.
- Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
四、表原因
- A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。 - The answer to this problem involves many factors.
- The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that…
- The factors that contribute to this situation include…
- The change in .largely results from the fact that…
- Part of the explanations for it is that …
- One of the most common factors (causes )is that …
- Another contributing factor (cause ) is …
- Perhaps the primary factor is that …
- But the fundamental cause is that …
五、表结果
- It may give rise to a host of problems.
- The immediate result it produces is …
- It will exercise a profound influence upon…
- Its consequence can be so great that…
六、表反驳
- It is true that …, but one vital point is being left out.
- There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
- Many of us have been under the illusion that…
- It makes no sense to argue for …
- Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that …
- Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that…
七、表证明
- No one can deny the fact that …
- The idea is hardly supported by facts.
- Unfortunately, none of the available data shows…
- Recent studies indicate that…
- There is sufficient evidence to show that…
- According to statistics proved by …, it can be seen that …
大学英语四级作文开头句型
观点法——开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨 论的问题的看法。
[1] Now people in growing/significant, numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that…
{2] Now thereis a(n)growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to…
[3] Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of …
[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that…
引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点。
[1]“Knowledge is power.” This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
[2]“Education is not complete with graduation.” This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.
[3.]’"…" We often hear statements/words like those/this.
[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this “…”
比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观 点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。
[1] For years,…had been viewed as… But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing …, people …
[2] People used to think that …(In the past,…) But people now share this new idea.
故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。(建议少用)
[1] Once in (a-newspaper), I read of/learnt… The phenomenon of … has aroused public concern.
[2] I have a friend who … Should he …? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.
[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who … This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.
对立法——先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。
[1] When asked about…, the vastloverwhelming majority of people say that … But I thinklview a bit differently.
[2] When it comes to … ome people believe that… Others argue/claim that the oppositelreverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.
[3] Now, it is commonly/generallywidely believed/held/acknowledged that… They claim/ believe/argue that … But I wonder/doubt whethe r…
现象法——引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论
[1] Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of … has cause/aroused public/popular/widel worldwide concern.
[2] Redently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of … has been brought into focus/into public attention.
[3] Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality … is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now constantly.
原因句型：
-
It seems to me that something is not valued highly enough…. The possible reason may be …在我看来，对某事的重视还不够，可能 的原因或许是…
2）But possibly the problem lies not so much in (our institutions) as in (our attitudes).但可能 问题出在我们的态度上，而不是我们的机构 上。 -
There are many factors that may account for this result, but the following are the most typicalones. First,…有许多因素可解释这一 结果，但如下的是最典型的因素。第一，…
-
There are many reasons responsible for this instance, and the following are the typical ones. 造成这一情况有许多原因，如下 的原因就很典型
-
There are similar reasons when we consider that …当我们考虑…有类似的原因。
6）There are numerous reasons why .’, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.有许多原因导致…。在此我 只想就最重要的几个探讨一下。 -
It is easy to understand the reasons for this (prejudice against) something. One problem is that to most of us, doing something looks like doing something.理解造成对某事的偏见 的原因并不困难。问题是对我们大多数人来 说，做某事似乎就是做某事。
-
They fall into the following categories.它们 可归纳为如下的类别：
-
If (lectures) make so little sense, why have they been allowed to continue？如果讲座没 有什么可取之处，为什么还让它们继续？
-
This question looks as if it ought to fall in the domain of the (psychology),这一问题似 乎好像应归在(心理学)里。
-
However, it is important to point out that … 然而，指出…是很重要的。
12）from this it follows that …从这一点接踵而至的是。。。
-
Some people think that … To be frank, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.有些人认为…。坦率地讲，出 于如下的原因，我不能同意他们的观点。
-
Some reasons can explain this trend. First,… 有一些原因可解释这一趋势。首先…
-
This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First,…. Second,…. Third,…这一 现象的存在是有许多原因的。首先，…第 二，…第三，…
-
There is probably a variety of reasons for the dramatic decline in …. First,…. Second,…. Finally，…或许…的突然下降是有许多原因引 起的。首先，…第二，…最后，…
-
Why did .? For one thing …. For another,…. Perhaps the primary reason is …
为什么会…?一个原因是…另一个原因是…或 许其主要原因是… -
It is no easy job to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves severalcomplicated factors. For some’… For others…发现这一现象的原因并非易事因为它 涉及几个复杂因素。一些是…，另一些是…
-
It is no simple task to give the reason for this complicated phenomeno which involves many factors.给出这一复杂现象的原因并不 是件容易的事，因为它涉及许多因素。
-
It is fairly easy to find out the reason that … 找出…的原因很简单。
-
Some obvious reasons for . are related to the fact that …有关…的一些显而易见的原因 是和…事实有关。
-
The answer to this problem involves many interrelated reasons. For one thing,"… For another,…这一问题的答案涉及许多相互交 织在一起的原因。一个是…，另一个是…
-
The causes for …., perhaps, are varied. They include…… Probably the main reason is …引 起…的原因或许各种各样。它们包括…可能其 主要原因是…
-
The change is chiefly caused by the fact that …其变化主要是由这样的事实引起的, 即…
-
The failure mainly comes from several factors that …失败主要产生于几方面的原 因，即…
-
A number of factors could account for this (disaster, development, etc.).几个原因可解 释这一灾难/发展等。
-
Among the most important reasons offered by people for …, one should be mentioned.…在人们给出的关于…最重要的 原因中，有一个值得一提。
-
It is rather easy to find out the reason why … 找出…为什么的原因相当容易。
-
The explanation for this question may involve several complicated factors, for one thing is …, for another is …对这一问题的解 释可能涉及许多复杂的因素。一个是…，另一 个是…
-
The change in . largely results from the fact that …在…方面的变化很大程度上是来自 这样一个事实。
-
There are several causes of this significant growth in …在…方面的显著增长是许多原因造成的。
-
There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.有许多原因可以解释为什 么…。我在此只探讨几个最重要的。
-
I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这 一论述，即…，其主要原因如下：
-
Beyond these obvious reasons, however, lies a deeper cause:然而在这些明显的原因之下 隐藏着一个更深层的原因。
-
One of the reasons that is given for … is that …已给出的关于…的原因之一是…
-
Although… is probably the most important. determinant, it is not the only explanation for …虽然…可能是最重要的决定因素，但并 不是对…的唯一解释。
-
Perhaps this is because of the simple fact that …这可能是因为一个简单的事实…
-
The factors for … are complex,有关…的因 素十分复杂。
万能句型简洁版
一、开头
- Recently(the phenomenon） has becomea reated topic.
- Recently （ the problem） has been brought into focus.
- Nowadays there is a growing concern over …
- It is well-known/obvious/ apparent that…
- According to a recent survey,…
二、结尾 - From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that …
- In conclusion, it is clear that …
- Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear…
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable to /that … - From my point of view, it would be better if
赞同
-
positive
adj.肯定的,实际的,积极的,确实的 -
favorable
adj.赞成的,有利的，赞许的，良好的
-
approval
n.赞成,承认,正式批准 -
enthusiasm
n.*,热心，积极性
-
supportive
adj.支持的，支援的 -
defensive
adj.为…而辩护 -
complimentary
adj,赞美的