无废话WCF入门教程六[一个简单的Demo]

2022-01-21 16:42:31

朋友炒股两个月赚了10万，我帮他推广一下公众号，把钱用来投资总比放银行连通货膨胀都跑不过里强，硬核离职，在家炒股　，这是他每天的日志，有些经验是花钱也买不到的。

一、前言

前面的几个章节介绍了很多理论基础，如：什么是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的传输模式。本文从零开始和大家一起写一个小的WCF应用程序Demo。

大多框架的学习都是从增、删、改、查开始来学习的，我们学习WCF也是一样的。从简单来看(不包括安全、优化等相关问题)，WCF的增删改查和WebForm相差无几。WCF只是把具体“实现”写在“Service端”，而“调用”放在了“Client端”。觉得有帮助别忘了点个赞哈，谢谢哦~

二、Demo说明

1）Demo的 “Service端”以本机IIS为宿主，“Client端”以WebForm项目为例。

2）Demo的“Service端”提取数据采用初学者比较容易接受的分层结构进行搭建，分别分为服务层、实体层、数据层。

引用关系如下图所示：

3）Demo以数据库为SqlServer，表User为例(sql语句在下载的压缩包中Init.sql)，表结构如下所示：

字段名	列名	数据类型	约束	生成方式
用户编号	UserID	int	主键，必须输入	自动增+1
姓名	Name	varchar(200)	非必须输入	人工输入
密码	Password	varchar(200)	非必须输入	人工输入
描述	Discribe	varchar(800)	非必须输入	人工输入
提交时间	SubmitTime	datetime	非必须输入	人工输入

三、创建Service端宿主

1）创建WCF应用程序命名为：WCF.Demo.Service，如下图：

2）删除默认文件IService.cs与Service.svc。并分别创建增、删、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分别对应4个功能的服务应用程序WCF服务应用程序，并创建数据操作层和数据实体层，如下图：

3）增加实体层和数据操作层代码，如下所示：

     //用户实体

     [DataContract]

     public class User

     {

         [DataMember]

         public int UserID { get; set; }

         [DataMember]

         public string UserName { get; set; }

         [DataMember]

         public string Password { get; set; }

         [DataMember]

         public string Discribe { get; set; }

         [DataMember]

         public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; }

     }

     //数据操作，调用SqlHeler

     public class User

     {

         private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;";

         //添加

         public static bool Add(Model.User user)

         {

             string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime);

             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);

             if (result > )

                 return true;

             else

                 return false;

         }

         //修改

         public static bool Save(Model.User user)

         {

             string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID);

             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);

             if (result > )

                 return true;

             else

                 return false;

         }

         //删除

         public static bool Remove(int UserID)

         {

             string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);

             int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);

             if (result > )

                 return true;

             else

                 return false;

         }

         //获取用户

         public static Model.User Get(int UserID)

         {

             Model.User user = new Model.User();

             string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);

             DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);

             if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > )

             {

                 foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[].Rows)

                 {

                     user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);

                     user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();

                     user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();

                     user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();

                     user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);

                 }

             }

             return user;

         }

         //获取用户列表

         public static List<Model.User> GetUsers()

         {

             List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>();

             string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]");

             DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);

             if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > )

             {

                 foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables)

                 {

                     foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)

                     {

                         Model.User user = new Model.User();

                         user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);

                         user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();

                         user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();

                         user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();

                         user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);

                         Users.Add(user);

                     }

                 }

             }

             return Users;

         }

     }

4）修改Add接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

     [ServiceContract]

     public interface IAdd

     {

         [OperationContract]

         bool DoWork(Model.User user);

     }

     public class Add : IAdd

     {

         public bool DoWork(Model.User user)

         {

             return DAL.User.Add(user);

         }

     }

5）修改Save接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

     [ServiceContract]

     public interface ISave

     {

         [OperationContract]

         bool DoWork(Model.User user);

     }

     public class Save : ISave

     {

         public bool DoWork(Model.User user)

         {

             return DAL.User.Save(user);

         }

     }

6）修改Remove接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

     [ServiceContract]

     public interface IRemove

     {

         [OperationContract]

         bool DoWork(int UserID);

     }

     public class Remove : IRemove

     {

         public bool DoWork(int UserID)

         {

             return DAL.User.Remove(UserID);

         }

     }

7）修改Search接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

     [ServiceContract]

     public interface ISearch

     {

         [OperationContract]

         List<Model.User> DoWork();

     }

     public class Search : ISearch

     {

         List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork()

         {

             return DAL.User.GetUsers();

         }

     }

8）修改Get接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

     [ServiceContract]

     public interface IGet

     {

         [OperationContract]

         Model.User DoWork(int UserID);

     }

     public class Get : IGet

     {

         public Model.User DoWork(int UserID)

         {

             return DAL.User.Get(UserID);

         }

     }

四、部署服务端程序

1）将程序发布，并部署到IIS上，设置端口：8080，如下图所示：

2）以Add.svc服务应用程序为目标，测试部署是否成功，成功后如下图所示：

五、创建Client端Web应用程序

新建WebForm项目WCF.Demo.Client，并创建增删改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下图所示：

六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客户端代码和配置

SvcUtil.exe是一个VS命令行工具，该工具位于：C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin 或 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\一般情况下我们将SvcUtil.exe添加到VS开发工具中方便以后的运用（也可直接使用该命令行工具）。

1）在VS中的 Tools菜单---选择External Tools，打开管理窗口如下图所示：

在Title中输入SvcUtil，Command中选择SvcUtil.exe全路径，Initial directory栏选择生成的客户端代码和配置文件所放的目录（此处为解决方案所在目录），选上Prompt for arguments，不选上Close on exit。点击OK.

2）添加完成后，在VS的工具下会出现这个菜单。如下图所示：

3）在Client端添加对服务的引用。打开SvUtil工具，在Arguments里填写服务的地址，如下图：

点击OK后出现下图，说明代码类和配置文件生成成功（在解决方案目标下），如下图所示：

此时代理类和配置文件被下载到解决方案的物理目录中，如下图所示：

七、在Client端使用代理类与配置

将代理类从服务端的物理目录拷贝出来，放到Client端，并适当的修改代码，加入自己需要的名称空间，如下图所示：

使用代码如下所示：

     //增加

     public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page

     {

         Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient();

         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

         {

         }

         //提交

         protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

         {

             Model.User user = new Model.User();

             user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;

             user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text;

             user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;

             user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now;

             addClient.DoWork(user);

             Response.Write("添加成功！");

         }

     }

     //修改

     public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page

     {

         Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient();

         Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient();

         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

         {

             if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"]))

             {

                 GetUser();

             }

         }

         protected void GetUser()

         {

             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);

             Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);

             this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName;

             this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe;

         }

         //提交

         protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

         {

             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);

             Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);

             user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;

             user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;

             saveClient.DoWork(user);

             Response.Write("修改成功！");

         }

     }

     //列表及删除

     public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page

     {

         Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient();

         Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient();

         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

         {

             if (!Page.IsPostBack)

             {

                 GetUsers();

             }

         }

         protected void GetUsers()

         {

             this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork();

             this.repUsers.DataBind();

         }

         protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)

         {

             int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName);

             removeClient.DoWork(UserID);

             Response.Write("删除成功~");

             GetUsers();

         }

     }

将生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>复制到Client的Web.config中，代码如下：

   <system.serviceModel>

     <bindings>

       <basicHttpBinding>

         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00"

             openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"

             allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"

             maxBufferSize="" maxBufferPoolSize="" maxReceivedMessageSize=""

             messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"

             useDefaultWebProxy="true">

           <readerQuotas maxDepth="" maxStringContentLength="" maxArrayLength=""

               maxBytesPerRead="" maxNameTableCharCount="" />

           <security mode="None">

             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"

                 realm="" />

             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />

           </security>

         </binding>

         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00"

                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"

                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"

                    maxBufferSize="" maxBufferPoolSize="" maxReceivedMessageSize=""

                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"

                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">

           <readerQuotas maxDepth="" maxStringContentLength="" maxArrayLength=""

               maxBytesPerRead="" maxNameTableCharCount="" />

           <security mode="None">

             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"

                 realm="" />

             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />

           </security>

         </binding>

         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00"

            openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"

            allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"

            maxBufferSize="" maxBufferPoolSize="" maxReceivedMessageSize=""

            messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"

            useDefaultWebProxy="true">

           <readerQuotas maxDepth="" maxStringContentLength="" maxArrayLength=""

               maxBytesPerRead="" maxNameTableCharCount="" />

           <security mode="None">

             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"

                 realm="" />

             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />

           </security>

         </binding>

         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00"

                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"

                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"

                    maxBufferSize="" maxBufferPoolSize="" maxReceivedMessageSize=""

                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"

                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">

           <readerQuotas maxDepth="" maxStringContentLength="" maxArrayLength=""

               maxBytesPerRead="" maxNameTableCharCount="" />

           <security mode="None">

             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"

                 realm="" />

             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />

           </security>

         </binding>

         <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00"

                    openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"

                    allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"

                    maxBufferSize="" maxBufferPoolSize="" maxReceivedMessageSize=""

                    messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"

                    useDefaultWebProxy="true">

           <readerQuotas maxDepth="" maxStringContentLength="" maxArrayLength=""

               maxBytesPerRead="" maxNameTableCharCount="" />

           <security mode="None">

             <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"

                 realm="" />

             <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />

           </security>

         </binding>

       </basicHttpBinding>

     </bindings>

     <client>

       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"

           bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd"

           name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" />

       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"

               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove"

               name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" />

       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"

              bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch"

              name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" />

       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"

                bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave"

                name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" />

       <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"

                bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet"

                name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" />

     </client>

   </system.serviceModel>