字符串
--定义 :
在单引号\双引号\三引号内,由一串字符组成,
引号嵌套,双加单
--按索引取值(正向取+反向取) :只能取,
从那个取:取到第几个:步长
a = 'qwertyp'
print(a[1])
print(a[-1])
print(a[:3])
print(a[1:])
print(a[1:4])
print(a[1:5:2])
===>
w
p
qwe
wertyp
wer
wr
--长度len
a = 'qwer/typ'
print(len(a))
====>
8
--移除空白
strip,移除两边的空格
a = ' qwer/typ '
print(a.strip( ))
====>
qwer/typ
--成员运算
in 和 not in
a = 'qwertyp'
print('a' in a)
print('q' in a)
====>
False
True
--循环
end = ' '这个可以让循环到的在一行显示
a = 'qwertyp'
for i in a:
print(i)
====>
q
w
e
r
t
y
p
--------------------------------------------------
a = 'qwertyp'
for i in a:
print(i,end='')
====>
qwertyp
-- startswith/endswith
以什么开头/以什么结尾
b='hello python15 welcome to shanghai'
print(b.startswith('hello'))
print(b.endswith('shang'))
====>
True
False
--strip,lstrip,resrip
strip:移除两边,默认移除空白字符(空格,/n,/t),可以指定字符
lstrip:移除左边,默认移除空白字符(空格,/n,/t),可以指定字符
rstrip:移除右边边,默认移除空白字符(空格,/n,/t),可以指定字符
b = '$$$qwe$$$'
print(b.strip('$'))
print(b.lstrip('$'))
print(b.rstrip('$'))
====>
qwe
qwe$$$
$$$qwe
--lower,upper
转小写,转大写
a = 'qwertyp'
print(a.upper())
====>
QWERTYP
--split
split切分,默认空格,可以指定字符切分,后面可以跟参数,即切分几次,得到的是列表
a = 'qwwe/qwe/qwe/qwe'
print(a.split('/'))
print(a.split('/',1))
===>
['qwwe', 'qwe', 'qwe', 'qwe']
['qwwe', 'qwe/qwe/qwe']
--join
拼接
import os
print(os.path.join(a,'zxc'))
===>
qwertyp\zxc
---------------------------------------------------------
b='hello python15 welcome to shanghai'
print(b.join('xx'))
======>
xhello python15 welcome to shanghaix
---------------------------------------------------------
b='hello python15 welcome to shanghai'
print(b + '/' +'lyh')
====>
hello python15 welcome to shanghai/lyh
--replace替换
a = 'qwertyp'
print(a.replace('q','z'))
====>
zwertyp
--isdigit
判断是不是int类型
b = 'cvb'
c = '12'
print(b.isdigit())
print(c.isdigit())
====>
False
True
列表
--按索引取值
顾头不顾尾
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
print(a[0])
print(a[-1])
print(a[1:2])
print(a[1:3:1])
=====>
123
a
['qwe']
['qwe', '%66']
--切片
列表没有split切分,,列表切分就用索引去拿
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
print(a[1:2])
print(a[1:3:1])
=====>
['qwe']
['qwe', '%66']
--长度
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
print(len(a))
======>
4
--成员运算
in 和 not in
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
print('123' in a)
print('123' not in a)
print('lyh' in a)
====>
True
False
False
--追加
append:只能添加一个
extend:可以添加多个,不过要以列表形式传入
insert:只能添加一个,不过可以指定位置,insert(索引,‘字符串’)
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
a.append('lyh')
print(a)
====>
['123', 'qwe', '%66', 'a', 'lyh']
--删除
del
del用索引删
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
del a[1]
print(a)
====>
['123', '%66', 'a']
clear 列表点clear清除
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
b = a
print('clear前', b)
b.clear()
print('clear后', b)
=====>
clear前 ['123', 'qwe', '%66', 'a']
clear后 []
remove
remove移除,remove(’元素‘)
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
a.remove('123')
print(a)
===>
['qwe', '%66', 'a']
--循环
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
print(a)
for i in a:
print(i)
====>
123
qwe
%66
a
---------------------------------------
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
for i in range(len(a)):
print(i)
===> 取索引
0
1
2
3
--枚举(enumerate)
a = ['123','qwe','%66','a']
for index, i in enumerate(a):
print('编号: %s 值: %s' %(index,i))
====>
编号: 0 值: 123
编号: 1 值: qwe
编号: 2 值: %66
编号: 3 值: a
--count
count 用来统计一个元素在列表中出现的次数
a = ['a','123','qwe','%66','a','a']
print(a.count('a'))
===>
3
元组
元组可以存任意任意类型的多个值,元组不可变,主要用来读,元组的操作和列表类似,除了元组不能删除单一值,其他操作都一样,元组只能整个全部删掉,不可重复。
--按索引取值
a=('qwe',['1','2','asd'],{'qwe':123})
print(a[1])
print(a[-1])
====>
['1', '2', 'asd']
{'qwe': 123}
--切片
a=('qwe',['1','2','asd'],{'qwe':123},'asd','123')
print(a[1:2])
print(a[1:4])
print(a[1:4:2])
=====>
(['1', '2', 'asd'],)
(['1', '2', 'asd'], {'qwe': 123}, 'asd')
(['1', '2', 'asd'], 'asd')
--长度
a=('qwe',['1','2','asd'],{'qwe':123},'asd','123')
print(len(a))
===>
5
--成员运算
in | not in
a=('qwe',['1','2','asd'],{'qwe':123},'asd','123')
print('qwe' in a)
print('qwe' not in a)
--循环
a=('qwe',['1','2','asd'],{'qwe':123},'asd','123')
for i in a:
print(i)
====>
qwe
['1', '2', 'asd']
{'qwe': 123}
asd
123
字典
--按key存取值
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
print(a['qwe'])
===>
123
---------------------------------------------------------
改:
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
a['zxc'] = 789
print(a)
=====>
{'qwe': 123, 'asd': 345, 'zxc': 789, 'ert': 688}
-------------------------------------------------------------
增:
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
a['123'] = 'qwe'
print(a)
============>
{'qwe': 123, 'asd': 345, 'zxc': 456, 'ert': 688, '123': 'qwe'}
--长度
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
print(len(a))
====>
4
--删除
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
print('删除前',a)
del a['asd']
print('删除后',a)
====>
删除前 {'qwe': 123, 'asd': 345, 'zxc': 456, 'ert': 688}
删除后 {'qwe': 123, 'zxc': 456, 'ert': 688}
--循环(key,values,items)
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
for key in a.keys():
print(key)
=====>
qwe
asd
zxc
ert
-----------------------------------------------------
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
for value in a.values():
print(value)
====>
123
345
456
688
----------------------------------------------------------
a = {
'qwe':123,
'asd':345,
"zxc":456,
'ert':688
}
for k,v in a.items():
print(k,v)
====>
qwe 123
asd 345
zxc 456
ert 688
集合
可变类型不可hash
不可变类型可hash
可以包含多个元素,每个元素是不可变类型,
集合不可重复
集合用{} 定义:a = set()
--长度(len)
--成员运算(in | not in)
--集合可以用数学里面的集合的运算符
并集(|)
a = set()
b = set()
a={1,23,34,2352,15,35}
b={1,23,34,2352,15,35,12,345,56}
print(a | b)
=====>
{1, 34, 35, 12, 15, 2352, 23, 56, 345}
交集(&)
a = set()
b = set()
a={1,23,34,2352,15,35}
b={1,23,34,2352,15,35,12,345,56}
print(a & b)
=====>
{1, 34, 35, 15, 2352, 23}
差集(-)
a = set()
b = set()
a={1,23,34,2352,15,35}
b={1,23,34,2352,15,35,12,345,56}
print(b - a)
====>
{56, 345, 12}
对称差集(^)
a = set()
b = set()
a={1,23,34,2352,15,35}
b={1,23,34,2352,15,35,12,345,56}
print(b ^ a)
=====>
{56, 345, 12}
整数(int)
整型和浮点数可以混着玩,可以加减乘除。(int,float)
布尔类型(bool)
true | False
补充:
type取类型,id取存在内存里的值id