1 JSON简介
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation),类似于XML,是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,比如在JavaEE中Struts2与Ajax在来回传递数据时,除了可以利用XML外,还可以利用JSON。在JavaScript中有两种JSON的语法,一种用于创建对象,另一种用于创建数组。
1.1 使用JSON语法创建对象
如图1.1所示,在创建object对象时,以“{”开始,以“}"结束。对象的每个属性名和属性值之间以英文冒号":"隔开,多个属性定义之间以英文逗号","隔开,最简单的形式{"name":"json"},当有多个key/value值时,只须用英文逗号隔开就可以,{"name":"json","sex":"male"}。我们也可以通过JSON的方式来创建JavaScript对象,例如下面创建的ride对象:
var ride={
make:'yamaha',
model:'demo',
year:2005,
owner:{
name:'yue',
occupation:'worker'
}
}
图 1.1
1.2使用JSON语法创建数组
如图1.2所示,如普通数组一样,它的基本格式是
['arr1','arr2','arr3'];
图 1.2
它的值可以是双引号括起来的字符串(String)、数值(number)、true、false、 null、对象(object)或者数组(array),如图1.3所示。
图 1.3
2 Java解析和构造JSON数据
2.1 所需要的依赖包
解析和构造JSON对象需要用到以下的jar文件:
2.2 Java的基本实现
Employee类:
public class Employee {
private String name;
private int age; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
} }
下面是关于JSON的一些基本操作
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject; public class demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// 创建JSON对象
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
// 创建两个Map对象和一个List对象
Map<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map1.put("name", "little");
map1.put("sex", "male");
map1.put("age", "23");
Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map2.put("name", "big");
map2.put("sex", "male");
map2.put("age", "28");
List<Map> list = new ArrayList<Map>();
list.add(map1);
list.add(map2);
// 创建一个Employee对象
Employee em = new Employee();
em.setName("little");
em.setAge(23);
// 将Map转换成JSON数据
JSONArray ja1 = JSONArray.fromObject(map1);
// 将 List转换成JSON数据
JSONArray ja2 = JSONArray.fromObject(list);
// 将JavaBean转换成JSON数据
JSONArray ja4 = JSONArray.fromObject(em);
// 数组转换成JSON数据
String[] str = { "sk", "sk1", "sk2" };
JSONArray ja3 = JSONArray.fromObject(str);
System.out.println(ja1);
System.out.println(ja2);
System.out.println(ja3);
System.out.println(ja4);
// 构造JSON数据
json.put("map", ja1);
json.put("employee", ja2);
System.out.println(json);
// 解析JSON数据
JSONArray ja = json.getJSONArray("employee");
for (int j = 0; j < ja.size(); j++) {
System.out.println(((JSONObject) ja2.get(j)).get("name") + ","
+ ((JSONObject) ja2.get(j)).get("sex") + ","
+ ((JSONObject) ja2.get(j)).get("age"));
} } }
输出结果
[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"}]
[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"},{"sex":"male","age":"28","name":"big"}]
["sk","sk1","sk2"]
[{"age":23,"name":"little"}]
{"map":[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"}],"employee":[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"},{"sex":"male","age":"28","name":"big"}]}
little,male,23
big,male,28
[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"},{"sex":"male","age":"28","name":"big"}]
["sk","sk1","sk2"]
[{"age":23,"name":"little"}]
{"map":[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"}],"employee":[{"sex":"male","age":"23","name":"little"},{"sex":"male","age":"28","name":"big"}]}
little,male,23
big,male,28