ifconfig命令用于查看或更改网卡配置信息,启动或关闭网卡
安装:
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install net-tools
使用:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.234.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.234.255
inet6 fe80::777d:eb3e:9e03:3457 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:10:01:94 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 253157 bytes 67090793 (63.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 343338 bytes 103040732 (98.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 120 bytes 10496 (10.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 120 bytes 10496 (10.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-a参数:显示所有网卡信息,如未加-a参数,只显示已激活网卡的信息
ifdown:关闭网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens33
ifup:启动网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifup ens33
常用于在修改了网卡配置后重启单个指定的网卡,而不需要重启网络服务影响所有网卡:
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens33 && ifup ens33
添加虚拟网卡:ens33:01
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33\:01
修改虚拟网卡配置文件:
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:01
修改以下内容:NAME/DEVICE/IPADDR
重启网卡:
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown ens33 && ifup ens33
虚拟网卡已在运行:
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.234.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.234.255
inet6 fe80::777d:eb3e:9e03:3457 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:10:01:94 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 271863 bytes 87467742 (83.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 349091 bytes 103525345 (98.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:01: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.234.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.234.255
ether 00:0c:29:10:01:94 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
mii-tool命令:查看网络接口状态
[root@localhost ~]# mii-tool ens33
ens33: negotiated 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok
*最后一列 link值为ok表示网卡已连接
ethtool命令:与mii-tool命令类似
[root@localhost ~]# ethtool ens33
*最后一行 Link detected值为yes表示网卡已连接
linux下更改hostname:
临时更改,终端重新连接后生效,系统重启后失效
[root@localhost ~]# hostname test
永久更改:
[root@test ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname linux
[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/hostname
linux
DNS配置文件:
[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.234.2
*该文件中的DNS配置信息来自于网卡配置文件中定义的DNS地址,可以临时更改
域名重定向文件:
[root@linux ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
*可以使单个或多个域名在访问时指向指定的 IP地址
[root@linux ~]# echo '192.168.234.129 www.baidu.com' >> /etc/hosts
*将访问百度时的地址指向虚拟网卡地址192.168.234.129
[root@linux ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (192.168.234.129) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.baidu.com (192.168.234.129): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.154 ms
64 bytes from www.baidu.com (192.168.234.129): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.111 ms
*域名重定向只在本机生效