nginx的yum安装,基本参数使用,编译参数说明和Nginx基本配置,模块安装

2022-10-07 09:55:33

nginx的yum安装
从nginx官网获取源

vim /etc/yum.repose.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
OS改为centos
OSRELEASE改为当前系统版本
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

yum install ngnx

rpm -ql nginx

[root@localhost110 sbin]# rpm -ql nginx

/etc/logrotate.d/nginx          配置文件   nginx日志轮转，用于logrotata服务的日志切割

/etc/nginx

/etc/nginx/conf.d

/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params

/etc/nginx/koi-utf

/etc/nginx/koi-win

/etc/nginx/mime.types

/etc/nginx/modules

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

/etc/nginx/scgi_params

/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params

/etc/nginx/win-utf

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx-debug

/etc/sysconfig/nginx

/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug

/usr/lib64/nginx

/usr/lib64/nginx/modules

/usr/sbin/nginx

/usr/sbin/nginx-debug

/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12.

/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12./COPYRIGHT

/usr/share/man/man8/nginx..gz

/usr/share/nginx

/usr/share/nginx/html

/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html

/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

/var/cache/nginx

/var/log/nginx

目录说明
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx 配置文件 nginx日志轮转，用于logrotata服务的日志切割
目录配置文件
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
配置文件cgi,fastcgi相关配置
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
配置文件，编码转换映射转化文件
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/win-utf
配置文件,设置http协议的content-type与扩展名对应文件
/etc/nginx/mime.types
用于配置出系统守护进程管理器管理方式
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx-debug
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
nginx模块目录
/etc/nginx/modules
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
nginx服务的启动管理终端命令
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx-debug
手册和帮助文件
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12.1
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.12.1/COPYRIGHT
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
缓存目录
/var/cache/nginx
日志目录
/var/log/nginx

2.nginx的编译参数
nginx -V
[root@localhost110 sbin]# ./nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.1
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

基础路径
--prefix=/etc/nginx
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
--modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock
执行对应模块时,nginx保留的临时目录
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
用户或组
--user=nginx --group=nginx

--with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module
--with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module
--with-http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module
--with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module
--with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module
--with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module
--with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module

设置额外的参数将被添加到CFLAGS变量
--with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC'
设置的附加参数，链接到系统库
--with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

nginx的基础配置语法
user:设置nginx服务的系统使用用户
worker_processes:工作进程数(和cpu核心数保持一致最好)
error_log:错误日志
pid:nginx服务启动时的Pid

events {
worker_connections 每个进程的最大连接数
use io模型
}

curl -v 查看请求

curl -v http://192.168.1.251/1.html

* About to connect() to 192.168.1.251 port  (#)

*   Trying 192.168.1.251... connected

* Connected to 192.168.1.251 (192.168.1.251) port  (#)

> GET /.html HTTP/1.1

> User-Agent: curl/7.19. (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19. NSS/3.21 Basic ECC zlib/1.2. libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.

> Host: 192.168.1.251

> Accept: */*

>

< HTTP/1.1 200 OK

< Server: nginx/1.12.1

< Date: Fri, 06 Oct 2017 14:11:25 GMT

< Content-Type: text/html

< Content-Length: 7

< Last-Modified: Fri, 06 Oct 2017 14:10:08 GMT

< Connection: keep-alive

< ETag: "59d78ec0-7"

< Accept-Ranges: bytes

<

1.html

* Connection #0 to host 192.168.1.251 left intact

* Closing connection #0

 curl -v http://192.168.1.251/1.html >/dev/null

* About to connect() to 192.168.1.251 port 80 (#0)

*   Trying 192.168.1.251... connected

* Connected to 192.168.1.251 (192.168.1.251) port 80 (#0)

> GET /1.html HTTP/1.1

> User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.21 Basic ECC zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2

> Host: 192.168.1.251

> Accept: */*

>

< HTTP/1.1  OK

< Server: nginx/1.12.

< Date: Fri,  Oct  :: GMT

< Content-Type: text/html

< Content-Length:

< Last-Modified: Fri,  Oct  :: GMT

< Connection: keep-alive

< ETag: "59d78ec0-7"

< Accept-Ranges: bytes

<

{ [data not shown]

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current

                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed

                                   --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     * Connection # to host 192.168.1.251 left intact

* Closing connection #

页面定制

error_page  /.html;

location = /.html{

  return  "not find!";

}

error_page     /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

}

比如关闭php-fpm后产生502会定位到/50x.html

return http状态码 string

return  内容

return  跳转到的链接

location ~ ^/getjson{

default_type application/json;

return  '{"status":1,"note":"ok"}';

}

location ~* ^/nums/(\d+)([a-z]+)\.html {

set $d $;

set $s $;

return  str:$d$s;

}

http://192.168.1.251/nums/2017abcE.html

str:2017abcE

#防止乱码

location /txt {

default_type text/html;

add_header Content-Type 'text/html;charset=utf-8';

return  "nginx你好";

}

日志类型

error.log access_log

log_format

Syntax: log_format name [escape=default|json] string .....;

Default: log_format combined "....";

Context:http

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

nginx变量
HTTP请求变量
arg_PARAMETER,http_HEADER,sent_http_HEADER
内置变量： nginx内置的
自定义变量：自己定义

模块安装

比如要安装 :ngx_http_realip_module

获取之前的在安装编译参数

nginx -V

--group=nginx --user=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.41

重新编译，编译参数后面加上

--with-http_realip_module

进入源码目录

./configure

--group=nginx --user=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.41 --with-http_realip_module

make
不make install
make完之后在objs目录下就多了个nginx
替换现有的nginx即可

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