在 CentOS 6.4(64位) 安装 docker.io

2021-07-23 16:01:46

Docker.io 是轻量级的“容器引擎+映像仓库”，在LXC（linux轻量级容器）的基础上构建，可以运行任何应用程序。

在 CentOS 6.4(64位) 安装 docker.io

docker.io的核心层由以下几个部分组成:

1、可执行程序，“/usr/bin/docker”

2、docker.io网站上有一系列创建好的操作系统和应用程序映像

3、AUFS（另一个统一文件系统）来实现文件系统的快照，文件变化，控制只读或读写的需求。

4、LXC（Linux轻量级容器）

5、Cgroups（各种资源和命名空间的管理）

在本文写作的时候，最新版本是0.5.3，但目前开发很活跃，一些功能和特性可能在新版本中会发生变化。

按下面的步骤安装docker.io：

0、安装centos6.x

1、因为selinux和LXC有冲突，所以需要禁用



    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config 
    2. 

  2. # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
    3. 

  3. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
    4. 

  4. #       enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
    5. 

  5. #       permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
    6. 

  6. #       disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
    7. 

  7. SELINUX=disabled
    8. 

  8. # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
    9. 

  9. #       targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
    10. 

  10. #       strict - Full SELinux protection.
    11. 

  11. SELINUXTYPE=targeted
    12. 



2、配置Fedora EPEL 源




  1. sudo yum install http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm


3、配置hop5.in源




    

  1. cd /etc/yum.repos.d
    2. 

  2. sudo wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
    3. 



4、安装docker-io




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-io
    2. 

  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
    3. 

  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    4. 

  4.  * base: centos.excellmedia.net
    5. 

  5.  * epel: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
    6. 

  6.  * extras: centos.excellmedia.net
    7. 

  7.  * updates: centos.excellmedia.net
    8. 

  8. Setting up Install Process
    9. 

  9. Resolving Dependencies
    10. 

  10. --> Running transaction check
    11. 

  11. ---> Package docker-io.x86_64 0:0.5.3-4.el6 will be installed
    12. 

  12. --> Processing Dependency: lxc >= 0.8.0 for package: docker-io-0.5.3-4.el6.x86_64
    13. 

  13. --> Processing Dependency: kernel-ml-aufs >= 3.10.5 for package: docker-io-0.5.3-4.el6.x86_64
    14. 

  14. --> Running transaction check
    15. 

  15. ---> Package kernel-ml-aufs.x86_64 0:3.10.5-3.el6 will be installed
    16. 

  16. ---> Package lxc.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el6 will be installed
    17. 

  17. --> Processing Dependency: liblxc.so.0()(64bit) for package: lxc-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64
    18. 

  18. --> Running transaction check
    19. 

  19. ---> Package lxc-libs.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el6 will be installed
    20. 

  20. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    21. 

    22. 

  22. Dependencies Resolved
    23. 

    24. 

  24. ============================================================================================
    25. 

  25.  Package                   Arch              Version                  Repository       Size
    26. 

  26. ============================================================================================
    27. 

  27. Installing:
    28. 

  28.  docker-io                 x86_64            0.5.3-4.el6              hop5            1.2 M
    29. 

  29. Installing for dependencies:
    30. 

  30.  kernel-ml-aufs            x86_64            3.10.5-3.el6             hop5             33 M
    31. 

  31.  lxc                       x86_64            0.8.0-3.el6              hop5             81 k
    32. 

  32.  lxc-libs                  x86_64            0.8.0-3.el6              hop5             75 k
    33. 

    34. 

  34. Transaction Summary
    35. 

  35. ============================================================================================
    36. 

  36. Install       4 Package(s)
    37. 

    38. 

  38. Total download size: 34 M
    39. 

  39. Installed size: 159 M
    40. 

  40. Is this ok [y/N]: y
    41. 

  41. Downloading Packages:
    42. 

  42. (1/4): docker-io-0.5.3-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                              | 1.2 MB     00:03     
    43. 

  43. (2/4): kernel-ml-aufs-3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                        |  33 MB     00:33     
    44. 

  44. (3/4): lxc-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                                    |  81 kB     00:00     
    45. 

  45. (4/4): lxc-libs-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                               |  75 kB     00:00     
    46. 

  46. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    47. 

  47. Total                                                       896 kB/s |  34 MB     00:39     
    48. 

  48. Running rpm_check_debug
    49. 

  49. Running Transaction Test
    50. 

  50. Transaction Test Succeeded
    51. 

  51. Running Transaction
    52. 

  52.   Installing : lxc-libs-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64                                              1/4 
    53. 

  53.   Installing : lxc-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64                                                   2/4 
    54. 

  54.   Installing : kernel-ml-aufs-3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64                                       3/4 
    55. 

  55.   Installing : docker-io-0.5.3-4.el6.x86_64                                             4/4 
    56. 

  56.   Verifying  : kernel-ml-aufs-3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64                                       1/4 
    57. 

  57.   Verifying  : lxc-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64                                                   2/4 
    58. 

  58.   Verifying  : lxc-libs-0.8.0-3.el6.x86_64                                              3/4 
    59. 

  59.   Verifying  : docker-io-0.5.3-4.el6.x86_64                                             4/4 
    60. 

    61. 

  61. Installed:
    62. 

  62.   docker-io.x86_64 0:0.5.3-4.el6                                                            
    63. 

    64. 

  64. Dependency Installed:
    65. 

  65.   kernel-ml-aufs.x86_64 0:3.10.5-3.el6               lxc.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el6              
    66. 

  66.   lxc-libs.x86_64 0:0.8.0-3.el6                     
    67. 

    68. 

  68. Complete!
    69. 

  69. [root@localhost ~]#
    70. 



5、检查安装情况




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker -h
    2. 

  2. Usage of docker:
    3. 

  3.   -D=false: Debug mode
    4. 

  4.   -H=[unix:///var/run/docker.sock]: tcp://host:port to bind/connect to or unix://path/to/socket to use
    5. 

  5.   -api-enable-cors=false: Enable CORS requests in the remote api.
    6. 

  6.   -b="": Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge. Use 'none' to disable container networking
    7. 

  7.   -d=false: Daemon mode
    8. 

  8.   -dns="": Set custom dns servers
    9. 

  9.   -g="/var/lib/docker": Path to graph storage base dir.
    10. 

  10.   -p="/var/run/docker.pid": File containing process PID
    11. 

  11.   -r=false: Restart previously running containers
    12. 



6、要想docker正常运行还需要在/etc/fstab里增加cgroup文件系统




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# echo "none                    /sys/fs/cgroup          cgroup  defaults        0 0" >> /etc/fstab
    2. 

    3. 

  3. [root@localhost ~]# mount /sys/fs/cgroup
    4. 



只有重新启动才能挂载/sys/fs/cgroup（因为当前运行的内核不支持cgroup），所以上面挂载的命令也可以不执行，但系统需要重新启动。


7、重启系统，选择“3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64”内核


8、系统启动后，确认当前运行的内核




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# uname -r
    2. 

  2. 3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64
    3. 

    4. 

  4. [root@localhost ~]# grep aufs /proc/filesystems 
    5. 

  5. nodev   aufs
    6. 



9、以守护模式运行docker.io（在一个新的终端里）




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker -d 
    2. 

  2. 2013/08/21 07:47:07 WARNING: Your kernel does not support cgroup swap limit.
    3. 

  3. 2013/08/21 07:47:07 Listening for HTTP on /var/run/docker.sock (unix)
    4. 



10、在centos6.4容器里输出hello world




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker run centos:6.4 echo "hello world"
    2. 

  2. 2013/08/21 07:48:41 POST /v1.4/containers/create
    3. 

  3. 2013/08/21 07:48:41 POST /v1.4/containers/c6bc9e80097e/start
    4. 

  4. 2013/08/21 07:48:41 POST /v1.4/containers/c6bc9e80097e/attach?logs=1&stderr=1&stdout=1&stream=1
    5. 

  5. hello world
    6. 



11、从容器里测试ping




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker -dns '8.8.8.8' run centos:6.4 ping -c 3 yahoo.com
    2. 

  2. 2013/08/21 08:02:15 POST /v1.4/containers/create
    3. 

  3. 2013/08/21 08:02:15 POST /v1.4/containers/c40a1244f9bc/start
    4. 

  4. 2013/08/21 08:02:15 POST /v1.4/containers/c40a1244f9bc/attach?logs=1&stderr=1&stdout=1&stream=1
    5. 

  5. PING yahoo.com (98.138.253.109) 56(84) bytes of data.
    6. 

  6. 64 bytes from ir1.fp.vip.ne1.yahoo.com (98.138.253.109): icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=323 ms
    7. 

  7. 64 bytes from ir1.fp.vip.ne1.yahoo.com (98.138.253.109): icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=329 ms
    8. 

  8. 64 bytes from ir1.fp.vip.ne1.yahoo.com (98.138.253.109): icmp_seq=3 ttl=49 time=302 ms
    9. 

    10. 

  10. --- yahoo.com ping statistics ---
    11. 

  11. 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2304ms
    12. 

  12. rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 302.032/318.318/329.656/11.807 ms
    13. 



常见错误：


"DNS/Networking Errors inside the docker"




    

  1. [root@localhost ~]# docker -dns="8.8.8.8" run centos:6.4 yum install hiphop-php
    2. 

  2. 2013/08/21 07:53:05 POST /v1.4/containers/create
    3. 

  3. 2013/08/21 07:53:05 POST /v1.4/containers/6d9fef14bd1a/start
    4. 

  4. 2013/08/21 07:53:05 POST /v1.4/containers/6d9fef14bd1a/attach?logs=1&stderr=1&stdout=1&stream=1
    5. 

  5. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    6. 

  6. Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: base. Please verify its path and try again
    7. 

  7. Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was
    8. 

  8. 14: PYCURL ERROR 6 - "Couldn't resolve host 'mirrorlist.centos.org'"
    9. 



可以执行下面的命令来重置docker的运行环境，从而解决上述问题。




    

  1. pkill docker
    2. 

  2. iptables -t nat -F
    3. 

  3. ifconfig docker0 down
    4. 

  4. brctl delbr docker0
    5. 

  5. docker -d
    6. 



原文发布时间为：2014-01-03


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