#include <cstdio>

#include <iostream>

#include <algorithm>

#include <cstring>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

LL solve(LL x){

  if(x<=)return ;

   LL cur=,ret=;

   while(cur<x){

    cur=cur*+;

   }

   cur=(cur-)/;

   ret=(cur+)/;

   LL res=x-cur-;

   return ret++res-(ret-solve(cur-res));

}

int main(){

    int T;

    scanf("%d",&T);

    while(T--){

      LL l,r;

      scanf("%I64d%I64d",&l,&r);

      printf("%I64d\n",solve(r)-solve(l-));

    }

    return ;

}