内容回顾和作业
1.字符串格式化
msg = "我是%s,年龄%s" %('alex',19,)
print(msg)
msg = "我是%(n1)s,年龄%(n2)s" % {'n1': 'alex', 'n2': 123, }
print(msg)
# v1 = "我是{0},年龄{1}".format('alex',19)
v1 = "我是{0},年龄{1}".format(*('alex',19,))
print(v1)
# v2 = "我是{name},年龄{age}".format(name='alex',age=18)
v2 = "我是{name},年龄{age}".format(**{'name':'alex','age':18})
print(v2)
2.有序字典
from collections import OrderedDict
info = OrderedDict()
info['k1'] = 123
info['k2'] = 456
print(info.keys())
print(info.values())
print(info.items())
3.作业
3.1 栈和队列
class Stack(object): # 标准类名
pass
class Queue(object):
pass
3.2 反射
class Cloud(object):
def upload(self):
pass
def download(self):
pass
def run(self):
# up|C:/xxx/xxx.zip
# down|xxxx.py
value = input('请用户输入要干什么?')
action = value.split('|')[0]
# 最low的形式
if action == 'up':
self.upload()
elif action == 'down':
self.download()
else:
print('输入错误')
# 构造字典 (*)
method_dict = {'up':self.upload, 'down':self.download}
method = method_dict.get(action)
method()
# 反射(*)
method = getattr(self,action) # upload # self.upload
method()
class Foo(object):
def get(self):
pass
obj = Foo()
# if hasattr(obj,'post'):
# getattr(obj,'post')
v1 = getattr(obj,'get',None) # 推荐
print(v1)
3.3 循环过程中删除元素
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# li = ['李杰','李女神','金鑫','李忠伟','武沛齐']
#
# for i in range(len(li)-1,-1,-1):
# if li[i].startswith('李'):
# del li[i]
# print(li)
内容详细
1.单例模式(23种设计模式)
无论实例化多少次,永远用的都是第一次实例化出的对象。
class Foo:
pass
# 多例,每实例化一次就创建一个新的对象。
obj1 = Foo() # 实例,对象
obj2 = Foo() # 实例,对象
# 单例,无论实例化多少次,都用第一次创建的那个对象。
obj1 = Foo()
obj2 = Foo()
单例模式标准
class Singleton(object):
instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not cls.instance:
cls.instance = object.__new__(cls)
return cls.instance
obj1 = Singleton()
obj2 = Singleton()
# 不是最终,加锁。
文件的连接池
class FileHelper(object):
instance = None
def __init__(self, path):
self.file_object = open(path,mode='r',encoding='utf-8')
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not cls.instance:
cls.instance = object.__new__(cls)
return cls.instance
obj1 = FileHelper('x')
obj2 = FileHelper('x')
2.模块导入
多次导入重新加载
import jd # 第一次加载:会加载一遍jd中所有的内容。
import jd # 由已经加载过,就不在加载。
print(456)
import importlib
import jd
importlib.reload(jd)
print(456)
通过模块导入的特性也可以实现单例模式:
# jd.py
class Foo(object):
pass
obj = Foo()
# app.py
import jd # 加载jd.py,加载最后会实例化一个Foo对象并赋值给obj
print(jd.obj)
3.日志(模块 logging)
-
基本应用
-
日志处理本质:Logger/FileHandler/Formatter
-
推荐处理日志方式
import logging
file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename='x1.log', mode='a', encoding='utf-8',)
logging.basicConfig(
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',
handlers=[file_handler,],
level=logging.ERROR
)
logging.error('你好')
推荐处理日志方式 + 日志分割
import time
import logging
from logging import handlers
# file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename='x1.log', mode='a', encoding='utf-8',)
file_handler = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename='x3.log', when='s', interval=5, encoding='utf-8')
logging.basicConfig(
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',
handlers=[file_handler,],
level=logging.ERROR
)
for i in range(1,100000):
time.sleep(1)
logging.error(str(i))
注意事项:
# 在应用日志时,如果想要保留异常的堆栈信息。
import logging
import requests
logging.basicConfig(
filename='wf.log',
format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',
level=logging.ERROR
)
try:
requests.get('http://www.xxx.com')
except Exception as e:
msg = str(e) # 调用e.__str__方法
logging.error(msg,exc_info=True)
4.项目结构目录
-
脚本
-
单可执行文件
-
多可执行文件