- 一、虚拟主机概念
所谓虚拟主机，在Web服务当中就是一个独立的网站站点，这个站点对应独立的域名（也有可能是IP或者端口），具有独立的程序和资源目录，可以独立地对外提供服务供用户访问。
这个独立的站点在配置里是由一定格式的标签进行标记，和apache相对比，apache的虚拟主机的标签段通常是以<VirtualHost></VirtualHost>进行标注的，而Nginx则是以Server{}标签段来标示一个虚拟主机。一个Web服务中支持多个虚拟主机站点。
二、虚拟主机类型
和apache一样，虚拟主机主要有3种：
（1）基于域名的虚拟主机
（2）基于端口的虚拟主机
（3）基于IP的虚拟主机
三、三种虚拟主机类型配置演练
（1）基于域名域名的虚拟主机配置
（1）修改主配置文件nginx.conf，加载虚拟主机配置
[root@localhost conf]# grep -Ev "^$|#" nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
events {
worker_connections ;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout ;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf; #包含虚拟主机配置
} （2）创建虚拟主机配置文件，并增加虚拟主机
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir vhosts && cd vhosts/
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim www.abc.org.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.abc.org;
root /vhosts/html/www;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf bbs.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# cp www.abc.org.conf blog.abc.org.conf
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.abc.org;
root /vhosts/html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.abc.org;
root /vhosts/html/blog;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
} （3）创建虚拟主机主页
[root@localhost vhosts]# mkdir /vhosts/html/{www,bbs,blog}
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to www.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/www/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to bbs.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/bbs/index.html
[root@localhost vhosts]# echo "welcome to blog.abc.org" >> /vhosts/html/blog/index.html （4）检查语法，重载nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
windows下做hosts解析
192.168.56.11 www.abc.org bbs.abc.org blog.abc.org 分别访问
（2）基于端口的虚拟主机配置
（1）修改bbs和blog站点监听端口
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf
listen ;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf
listen
[root@localhost vhosts]# export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/:$PATH （2）检查语法，重载nginx
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload （3）测试访问页面
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.abc.org
welcome to www.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl bbs.abc.org:
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl blog.abc.org:
welcome to blog.abc.org
以上端口可以随意更改，但是不能和已有服务冲突，原则上应该是大于1024小于65535的任意端口
（3）基于IP的虚拟主机配置
（1）增加虚拟网卡eth0:0和eth0:1
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0: 192.168.56.110/ up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0: 192.168.56.111/ up
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:
eth0:: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu
inet 192.168.56.110 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
ether :0c::ce::fd txqueuelen (Ethernet) [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:
eth0:: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu
inet 192.168.56.111 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
ether :0c::ce::fd txqueuelen (Ethernet) （2）修改虚拟主机配置server_name为ip访问
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim bbs.abc.org.conf
listen ;
server_name 192.168.56.110;
[root@localhost vhosts]# vim blog.abc.org.conf
listen ;
server_name 192.168.56.111; （3）检测语法，重载nginx，测试访问
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.15.1/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost vhosts]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.110:8081/
welcome to bbs.abc.org
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.56.111:8082/
welcome to blog.abc.org