副标题：oracle linux 6.3无法切换到图形界面处理
1、问题现象
1.1 startx命令不可用
[root@ol6-single cdrom]# startx
-bash: startx: command not found
1.3 init 5无法执行完成
[root@ol6-single /]#init 5
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[root@ol6-single /]#Calling the system activity data collector(sadc): starting portreserver: [ OK ] starting irqbalance: [ OK ] starting kdump: [FAILED] Retrigger failed udev events [ OK ] "停止不动"...... |
2、问题原因分析
Linux的图形用户接口（X windows）主要有gnome和KDE两种桌面环境，ORACLElinux也不例外，两种桌面可以并存，可以切换，上述问题情况属于这没有安装gnome和KDE的原因。
2.1 查看gnome和KDE相关包是否安装
[root@ol6-single /]# rpm -qa |grep gnome
[root@ol6-single /]# rpm -qa |grep kde
[root@ol6-single /]#
3、处理解决（安装linux图形界面软件）
3.1 配置yum
linux 5请参考本文作者的博文：
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http://blog.csdn.net/ljunjie82/article/details/38714161 |
oraclelinux 6请参考本文作者的博文：
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http://blog.csdn.net/ljunjie82/article/details/37373595 其中第3节：创建本地yum服务器 |
3.2 安装X Windows System
3.2.1验证可以安装的组件
#yum grouplist
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Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Group Process HighAvailability | 3.7 kB 00:00 ... LoadBalancer | 3.7 kB 00:00 ... Server | 3.7 kB 00:00 ... oel6_local | 3.7 kB 00:00 ... Installed Groups: Additional Development Base Console internet tools Debugging Tools Desktop Desktop Platform Dial-up Networking Support Directory Client E-mail server Fonts General Purpose Desktop Graphical Administration Tools Hardware monitoring utilities Java Platform KDE Desktop Large Systems Performance Legacy UNIX compatibility Legacy X Window System compatibility MySQL Database client MySQL Database server NFS file server Network Infrastructure Server Network file system client Networking Tools Performance Tools Perl Support PostgreSQL Database client PostgreSQL Database server Remote Desktop Clients Scientific support Server Platform X Window System Installed Language Groups: Arabic Support [ar] Armenian Support [hy] Georgian Support [ka] Hebrew Support [he] Inuktitut Support [iu] Japanese Support [ja] Korean Support [ko] Lao Support [lo] Tajik Support [tg] Available Groups: Backup Client Backup Server CIFS file server Client management tools Compatibility libraries Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools Desktop Platform Development Development tools Directory Server Eclipse Emacs FCoE Storage Client FTP server Graphics Creation Tools High Availability High Availability Management Identity Management Server Infiniband Support Input Methods Internet Browser Load Balancer Mainframe Access Messaging Client Support Network Storage Server PHP Support Print Server Printing client Ruby Support SNMP Support Security Tools Server Platform Development Smart card support Somali Support Storage Availability Tools System Management System administration tools Systems Management Messaging Server support TeX support Technical Writing TurboGears application framework Virtualization Virtualization Client Virtualization Platform Virtualization Tools Web Server Web Servlet Engine Web-Based Enterprise Management iSCSI Storage Client Available Language Groups: Afrikaans Support [af] Albanian Support [sq] Amazigh Support [ber] Assamese Support [as] Azerbaijani Support [az] Basque Support [eu] Belarusian Support [be] Bengali Support [bn] Bhutanese Support [dz] Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR] Breton Support [br] Bulgarian Support [bg] Catalan Support [ca] Chhattisgarhi Support [hne] Chichewa Support [ny] Chinese Support [zh] Coptic Support [cop] Croatian Support [hr] Czech Support [cs] Danish Support [da] Dutch Support [nl] English (UK) Support [en_GB] Esperanto Support [eo] Estonian Support [et] Ethiopic Support [am] Faroese Support [fo] Fijian Support [fj] Filipino Support [fil] Finnish Support [fi] French Support [fr] Frisian Support [fy] Friulian Support [fur] Gaelic Support [gd] Galician Support [gl] German Support [de] Greek Support [el] Gujarati Support [gu] Hiligaynon Support [hil] Hindi Support [hi] Hungarian Support [hu] Icelandic Support [is] Indonesian Support [id] Interlingua Support [ia] Irish Support [ga] Italian Support [it] Kannada Support [kn] Kashmiri Support [ks] Kashubian Support [csb] Kazakh Support [kk] Khmer Support [km] Kinyarwanda Support [rw] Konkani Support [kok] Kurdish Support [ku] Latin Support [la] Latvian Support [lv] Lithuanian Support [lt] Low Saxon Support [nds] Luxembourgish Support [lb] Macedonian Support [mk] Maithili Support [mai] Malagasy Support [mg] Malay Support [ms] Malayalam Support [ml] Maltese Support [mt] Manx Support [gv] Maori Support [mi] Marathi Support [mr] *n Support [mn] Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my] Nepali Support [ne] Northern Sotho Support [nso] Norwegian Support [nb] Occitan Support [oc] Oriya Support [or] Persian Support [fa] Polish Support [pl] Portuguese Support [pt] Punjabi Support [pa] Romanian Support [ro] Russian Support [ru] Sanskrit Support [sa] Sardinian Support [sc] Serbian Support [sr] Sindhi Support [sd] Sinhala Support [si] Slovak Support [sk] Slovenian Support [sl] Southern Ndebele Support [nr] Southern Sotho Support [st] Spanish Support [es] Swahili Support [sw] Swati Support [ss] Swedish Support [sv] Tagalog Support [tl] Tamil Support [ta] Telugu Support [te] Tetum Support [tet] Thai Support [th] * Support [bo] Tsonga Support [ts] Tswana Support [tn] Turkish Support [tr] Turkmen Support [tk] Ukrainian Support [uk] Upper Sorbian Support [hsb] Urdu Support [ur] Uzbek Support [uz] Venda Support [ve] Vietnamese Support [vi] Walloon Support [wa] Welsh Support [cy] Xhosa Support [xh] Zulu Support [zu] Done |
其中“Desktop”安装组安装的就是GNOME组件
3.2.2 安装X Windows System
[root@ol6-single ~]# yum groupinstall "X Window System"
3.2.3 安装gnome
[root@ol6-single sysconfig]#yum groupinstall "Desktop"
3.2.4 安装kde
[root@ol6-single ~]# yum groupinstall "KDE Desktop"
3.3 验证是否安装成功
（1）验证gnome相关组件是否安装
[root@ol6-single ~]# rpm -qa |grep gnome
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gnome-keyring-2.28.2-7.el6.x86_64 gnome-vfs2-2.24.2-6.el6.x86_64 gnome-user-docs-2.28.0-4.el6.noarch gnome-python2-2.28.0-3.el6.x86_64 gnome-icon-theme-2.28.0-2.el6.noarch gnome-themes-2.28.1-6.el6.noarch libgnomecanvas-2.26.0-4.el6.x86_64 gnome-python2-canvas-2.28.0-3.el6.x86_64 gnome-doc-utils-stylesheets-0.18.1-1.el6.noarch |
（2）验证kde相关组件是否安装
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[root@ol6-single ~]# rpm -qa |grep kde kdelibs-common-4.3.4-14.el6.x86_64 kde-settings-kdm-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch kdenetwork-libs-4.3.4-11.el6_0.1.x86_64 kdegraphics-libs-4.3.4-6.el6.x86_64 kdebase-workspace-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 kde-settings-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch kdepim-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdebase-runtime-libs-4.3.4-9.el6.x86_64 kdenetwork-4.3.4-11.el6_0.1.x86_64 kdegraphics-4.3.4-6.el6.x86_64 kdelibs-4.3.4-14.el6.x86_64 kdeaccessibility-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 lockdev-1.0.1-18.el6.x86_64 kdepimlibs-4.3.4-4.el6.x86_64 kdeutils-libs-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64 kdepimlibs-akonadi-4.3.4-4.el6.x86_64 kdepim-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdebase-runtime-4.3.4-9.el6.x86_64 kdeplasma-addons-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdeadmin-4.3.4-5.0.1.el6.x86_64 xsettings-kde-0.11-1.el6.x86_64 kdebase-workspace-wallpapers-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.noarch kdelibs-experimental-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64 kdegames-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdebase-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdeutils-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64 kdelibs3-3.5.10-24.el6_1.1.x86_64 kdepim-runtime-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdebase-workspace-libs-4.3.4-23.0.1.el6.x86_64 kdeplasma-addons-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdemultimedia-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64 kde-settings-pulseaudio-4.3.1-1.0.1.el6.noarch kdegames-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdemultimedia-libs-4.3.4-3.el6.x86_64 kdepim-runtime-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdeaccessibility-libs-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdebase-4.3.4-5.el6.x86_64 kdeartwork-screensavers-4.3.4-7.el6.x86_64 kde-filesystem-4-30.1.el6.noarch [root@ol6-single ~]# |
4、验证图形界面可用性
startx和init 5都可以正常进入图形界面，安装成功。
本文作者：黎俊杰（网名：踩点），从事”系统架构、操作系统、存储设备、数据库、中间件、应用程序“六个层面系统性的性能优化工作
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