1. CocoaPods
CocoaPods 是Objective-C (iOS and OS X) projects 的依赖管理器。
2. How to install CocoaPods
2.1 在终端中输入以下命令：
$ sudo gem install cocoapods
注：在终端中安装CocoaPods时可能会遇到如下问题 (感谢伟大的GFW):
"ERROR: Could not find a valid gem ‘cocoapods‘ (>= 0), here is why:
Unable to download data from https://rubygems.org/ - Errno::ETIMEDOUT: Operation timed out - connect(2) (https://rubygems.org/quick/Marshal.4.8/cocoapods-0.33.1.gemspec.rz)"
这时候我们需要改变 gem source, 参考[4], [5]。需要在终端中执行如下命令:
$ gem sources -l
$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/
$ gem sources -l
接下来输入以下命令：
$ pod setup
This process will likely take a while as this command clones the CocoaPods Specs repository
into ~/.cocoapods/ on your computer. [6]
至此CocoaPods安装完毕。
注： 如果漏掉 "$ pod setup" 命令，而直接执行"$ pod init"
会有类似以下的error信息：
"$ pod init
Setting up CocoaPods master repo
[!] /usr/bin/git clone ‘https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git‘ master --depth=1
Cloning into ‘master‘...
error: RPC failed; result=52, HTTP code = 0
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/claide-0.6.1/lib/claide/command.rb:304:in `handle_exception‘: undefined method `verbose?‘ for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/claide-0.6.1/lib/claide/command.rb:284:in `rescue in run‘
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/claide-0.6.1/lib/claide/command.rb:274:in `run‘
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/cocoapods-0.33.1/lib/cocoapods/command.rb:48:in `run‘
from /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/cocoapods-0.33.1/bin/pod:33:in `<top (required)>‘
from /usr/bin/pod:23:in `load‘
from /usr/bin/pod:23:in `<main>‘ "
3. How to use CocoaPods [2]
创建一个Podfile, 将依赖添加到Podfile中。
3.1 创建一个新Xcode工程和CocoaPods
A: 如正常创建一个新工程
B: 在终端窗口中, 执行 cd 命令到 工程目录
C: 创建一个Podfile文件. ($ vim Podfile 或者 $ touch Podfile )
D: 在Podfile文件第一行指明平台和版本， 例如：
platform :ios, ‘6.0‘
E: Add a CocoaPod by specifying pod ‘$PODNAME‘ on a single line (????)
pod ‘ObjectiveSugar‘
F: 保存 Podfile.
G: 运行 $ pod install
H: 打开MyApp.xcworkspace
3.2 集成到一个已存在的workspace中
集成CocoaPods到一个存在的workspace中，需要在Podfile中额外添加一行。
将".xcworkspace"去掉后的根文件名添加到Podfile中：
workspace ‘MyWorkspace‘
3.3 是否应该在源代码控制中忽略Pods目录?
3.4 Podfile.lock是什么?
3.5 在背后发生了什么? (What is happening behind the scenes?)
3.6 Pods 和 Submodules (git)
3.7 从submodules切换到CocoaPods
4. Demo [3]
4.1 安装CocoaPods完毕后，用Xcode创建一个Project(例如：CocoaPodsDemo)后,
cd 到 CocoaPodsDemo 的目录下：
$ pwd
/Users/XiaoKL/Projects/CocoaPodsDemo
执行以下命令：
$ pod init
"$ pod init" 创建一个Podfile。
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 12 XiaoKL staff 408 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemo
drwxr-xr-x 5 XiaoKL staff 170 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemo.xcodeproj
drwxr-xr-x 5 XiaoKL staff 170 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemoTests
-rw-r--r-- 1 XiaoKL staff 160 8 23 22:52 Podfile
创建的Podfile内容如下:
"# Uncomment this line to define a global platform for your project
# platform :ios, "6.0"
target "CocoaPodsDemo" do
end
target "CocoaPodsDemoTests" do
end "
4.2 修改生成的Podfile
修改后的Podfile内容如下：
"# Uncomment this line to define a global platform for your project
platform :ios, "6.0"
target "CocoaPodsDemo" do
pod "SVProgressHUD", "0.9"
end
target "CocoaPodsDemoTests" do
end"
然后执行命令:"$ pod install" , 该命令有以下输出
"Analyzing dependencies
Downloading dependencies
Installing SVProgressHUD (0.9)
Generating Pods project
Integrating client project
[!] From now on use `CocoaPodsDemo.xcworkspace`."
"$ pod install" 命令创建了：CocoaPodsDemo.xcworkspace, Podfile.lock和Pods, 如下可以从ls命令的时间戳上看出来。
$ ls -alG
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 9 XiaoKL staff 306 8 23 23:30 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 XiaoKL staff 136 8 23 22:09 ..
drwxr-xr-x 12 XiaoKL staff 408 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemo
drwxr-xr-x 5 XiaoKL staff 170 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemo.xcodeproj
drwxr-xr-x 3 XiaoKL staff 102 8 23 23:30 CocoaPodsDemo.xcworkspace
drwxr-xr-x 5 XiaoKL staff 170 8 23 22:09 CocoaPodsDemoTests
-rw-r--r-- 1 XiaoKL staff 186 8 23 23:26 Podfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 XiaoKL staff 165 8 23 23:30 Podfile.lock
drwxr-xr-x 17 XiaoKL staff 578 8 23 23:30 Pods
4.3 使用SVProgressHUD
在代码中使用SVProgressHUD，需要#import <SVProgressHUD.h>
5. 解析Podfile文件
Reference:
1. http://ashfurrow.com/blog/getting-started-with-cocoapods-demo
2.
3. Getting Started with CocoaPods
http://ashfurrow.com/blog/getting-started-with-cocoapods-demo
该blog中讲的安装过程漏掉了"pod setup" 这一步, 参加[6]中的步骤。
介绍了一个Xcode插件：https://github.com/kattrali/cocoapods-xcode-plugin
PPT：Effective Use of Open Source Software (ToRead)
https://speakerdeck.com/ashfurrow/effective-use-of-open-source-software
4. RubyGems 镜像
http://ruby.taobao.org
5.
http://*.com/questions/19612185/unable-to-install-cocoapods-gem-from-rubygems-org-bad-response-backend-read-e
6. Introduction to CocoaPods Tutorial (ToRead)
http://www.raywenderlich.com/64546/introduction-to-cocoapods-2
7. Streamlining Cocoa Development With CocoaPods (ToRead)
http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/streamlining-cocoa-development-with-cocoapods--mobile-15938
8. Using CocoaPods to Modularize a Big iOS App (ToRead)
http://dev.hubspot.com/blog/architecting-a-large-ios-app-with-cocoapods
Todo:
1. CocoaPod的工作原理是什么？
$ pod install 命令创建了一个workspace，该workspace包含了原来的project，以及一个新建的project。
这和使用subproject的方法有和不同呢？
2. .xcconfig文件的作用？
3. CocoaPods能给我们带来什么？并发式开发，or 管理大项目？