Oracle 11g 数据库软件PSU升级
1. PSU补丁升级过程
1.1 升级opatch工具
1.1.1 GI环境
# GI HOME
su - root
# 配置环境
export GI_HOME=$(grep ‘^+ASM‘ /etc/oratab |awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }‘) && echo ${GI_HOME}
# 备份和解压
[[ -d "${GI_HOME}/OPatch" ]] && mv ${GI_HOME}/OPatch ${GI_HOME}/OPatch_$(date +%Y%m%d) && [[ -f "$(ls p6880880_*_Linux-x86-64.zip)" ]] && unzip -qo p6880880_*_Linux-x86-64.zip -d ${GI_HOME}
# 检查确认
ls -ld ${GI_HOME}/OPatch*
chown -R grid:oinstall ${GI_HOME}/OPatch
chmod -R +x ${GI_HOME}/OPatch
ls -ld ${GI_HOME}/OPatch*
su - grid -c "opatch version"
# --创建响应文件(2161861.1, 从11.2.0.3.14开始静默应用补丁不再需要响应文件)
su - grid
[[ -f "${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/ocm/bin/emocmrsp" ]] && (sleep 3;echo -e ‘\n‘;sleep 3;echo -e ‘Y\n‘)|${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/ocm/bin/emocmrsp -no_banner -output /tmp/ocm.rsp
1.1.2 DB 环境
# DB HOME
su - oracle
# 备份
[[ -d "${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch" ]] && mv ${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch ${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch_$(date +%Y%m%d)
ls -ld ${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch*
# 解压
unzip -oq p6880880_*_Linux-x86-64.zip -d ${ORACLE_HOME}
# 检查
ls -ld ${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch*
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch version
1.2 应用PSU二进制文件
1.2.1 opatch auto方式(适用RAC)
su - root
. /home/grid/.bash_profile
export GI_HOME=$(grep ‘^+ASM‘ /etc/oratab |awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }‘)
export DB_HOME=$(grep -Ev ‘^#|^$|+ASM‘ /etc/oratab |awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }‘)
# su - grid -c "(sleep 3;echo -e ‘\n‘;sleep 3;echo -e ‘Y\n‘)|${GI_HOME}/OPatch/ocm/bin/emocmrsp -no_banner -output /tmp/ocm.rsp"
su - grid -c "unzip -oq p28317141_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /apps/soft"
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=/apps/soft/28317141
export LANG=C
${GI_HOME}/OPatch/opatch auto ${UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION}/27967757 -ocmrf /tmp/ocm.rsp
# 检查确认
su - grid -c "${GI_HOME}/bin/crsctl status res -t"
su - grid -c "${GI_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lspatches;${GI_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lsinventory"
su - oracle -c "${DB_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lspatches;${DB_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lsinventory"
1.2.2 opatch（适用仅更新执行oracle home）
-- 单实例环境
su - [grid|oracle]
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch:${PATH}
export PATCH_PATH=/tmp/27870645
# 解压
unzip p27870645_112040_<platform>.zip -C /tmp/
# 冲突检测
cd ${PATCH_PATH}
opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
# 安装补丁
opatch apply
# 结果检查
opatch lsinventory
# 启动服务
sqlplus "/ as sysdba" <<-EOF
startup;
quit;
EOF
1.2.3 手工应用补丁
# 1. 关闭DB服务
su - oracle
${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/srvctl stop home -o ${ORACLE_HOME} -s <status file location> -n <node name>
# 2. 关闭集群
su - root
. /home/grid/.bash_profile
${ORACLE_HOME}/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock
# 3. 应用补丁 GI HOME (可能需要 -ocmrf 选项)
su - grid
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch napply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch napply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<ACFS Components_number>
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch apply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<DB_PSU_number>
# 4. 应用补丁 DB HOME
su - oracle
<UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>/custom/server/<OCW Components_number>/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh -dbhome <ORACLE_HOME>
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch napply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>/custom/server/<OCW Components_number>
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch apply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<DB_PSU_number>
<UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>/custom/server/<OCW Components_number>/custom/scripts/postpatch.sh -dbhome <ORACLE_HOME>
# 5. 启动集群服务
su - root
. /home/grid/.bash_profile
${ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/install/rootadd_rdbms.sh
${ORACLE_HOME}/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch
# 6. 启动DB服务
su - oracle
${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/srvctl start home -o <ORACLE_HOME> -s <status file location> -n <node name>
1.3 更新数据字典
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog << EOF
connect / as sysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/catbundle.sql psu apply
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
set lines 168 pages 99
col action_time for a20
col action for a15
col namespace for a12
col version for a18
col id for 99999999
col bundle_series for a15
col comments for a28
prompt db version
select to_char(t1.action_time,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) action_time,t1.action,t1.namespace,t1.version,id,t1.bundle_series,t1.comments from dba_registry_history t1 order by t1.action_time;
prompt
prompt comp info
col comp_name for a48
col comp_id for a12
col version for a16
col status for a12
col modified for a20
select t2.comp_id, t2.comp_name, t2.version, t2.status, to_char(to_date(t2.modified,‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘),‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) modified from dba_registry t2 order by t2.modified,t2.comp_id;
quit;
EOF
1.4 应用OJVM补丁
su - oracle
# 关闭db home的所有服务
srvctl stop database -d orcl
# 冲突检查
PATCH_TOP_DIR=/apps/soft/28317141
cd ${PATCH_TOP_DIR}/27923163
opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
# 安装补丁
(sleep 3;echo -e ‘Y\n‘;sleep 3;echo -e ‘\n‘;sleep 3;echo -e ‘Y\n‘;sleep 3;echo -e ‘Y\n‘)|${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch apply
# 结果检查确认
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lspatches;${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
# 更新数据字典
sqlplus /nolog << EOF
host srvctl start instance -d orcl -i orcl1
connect / as sysdba
alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile;
host srvctl stop instance -d orcl -i orcl1
connect / as sysdba
startup upgrade
set lines 200
@?/sqlpatch/27923163/postinstall.sql
alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile;
host srvctl stop instance -d orcl -i orcl1
host srvctl start database -d orcl
connect / as sysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
set lines 168 pages 99
col action_time for a20
col action for a15
col namespace for a12
col version for a24
col id for 99999999
col bundle_series for a15
col comments for a28
prompt db version
select to_char(t1.action_time,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) action_time,t1.action,t1.namespace,t1.version,id,t1.bundle_series,t1.comments from dba_registry_history t1 order by t1.action_time;
prompt
prompt comp info
col comp_name for a48
col comp_id for a12
col version for a16
col status for a12
col modified for a20
select t2.comp_id, t2.comp_name, t2.version, t2.status, to_char(to_date(t2.modified,‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘),‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) modified from dba_registry t2 order by t2.modified,t2.comp_id;
quit;
EOF
1.5 回退步骤
1.5.1 opatch auto回滚补丁
# 回退二进制文件
export GI_HOME=$(grep ‘^+ASM‘ /etc/oratab |awk -F: ‘{ print $2 }‘)
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=/apps/soft/28317141
export LANG=C
${GI_HOME}/OPatch/opatch auto ${UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION}/27967757 -rollback -ocmrf /tmp/ocm.rsp
# 回退数据字典
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog << EOF
connect / as sysdba
COLUMN db_name NEW_VALUE dbname NOPRINT
SELECT name dbname FROM v\$database;
@?/rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_&dbname_ROLLBACK.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
set lines 168 pages 99
col action_time for a20
col action for a15
col namespace for a12
col version for a18
col id for 99999999
col bundle_series for a15
col comments for a28
prompt db version
select to_char(t1.action_time,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) action_time,t1.action,t1.namespace,t1.version,id,t1.bundle_series,t1.comments from dba_registry_history t1 order by t1.action_time;
prompt
prompt comp info
col comp_name for a48
col comp_id for a12
col version for a16
col status for a12
col modified for a20
select t2.comp_id, t2.comp_name, t2.version, t2.status, to_char(to_date(t2.modified,‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘),‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) modified from dba_registry t2 order by t2.modified,t2.comp_id;
quit;
EOF
1.5.2 opatch回滚补丁
cd ${PATCH_PATH}
opatch rollback -id 27870645
1.5.3 手动回滚补丁
# 1. 关闭DB服务
su - oracle
${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/srvctl stop home -o ${ORACLE_HOME} -s <status file location> -n <node name>
# 2. 关闭集群
su - root
. /home/grid/.bash_profile
${ORACLE_HOME}/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock
# 3. 回滚补丁 GI HOME (可能需要 -ocmrf 选项)
su - grid
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch rollback -local -id <OCW Components_number> -oh ${ORACLE_HOME}
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch rollback -local -id <ACFS Components_number> -oh ${ORACLE_HOME}
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch rollback -local -id <DB_PSU_number> -oh ${ORACLE_HOME}
# 4. 回滚补丁 DB HOME
su - oracle
<UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>/custom/server/<OCW Components_number>/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh -dbhome <ORACLE_HOME>
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch rollback -local -id <OCW Components_number> -oh ${ORACLE_HOME}
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch rollback -local -id <DB_PSU_number> -oh ${ORACLE_HOME}
<UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION>/<GI_PSU_number>/<OCW Components_number>/custom/server/<OCW Components_number>/custom/scripts/postpatch.sh -dbhome <ORACLE_HOME>
# 5. 启动集群服务
su - root
. /home/grid/.bash_profile
${ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/install/rootadd_rdbms.sh
${ORACLE_HOME}/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch
# 6. 启动DB服务
su - oracle
${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/srvctl start home -o <ORACLE_HOME> -s <status file location> -n <node name>
1.5.4 更新数据字典
export dbid=$(echo ${ORACLE_SID} | tr ‘[a-z]‘ ‘[A-Z]‘)
sqlplus -S "/ as sysdba" <<EOF
-- SELECT ‘/ups/app/oracle/db11g/cfgtoollogs/catbundle/‘ || ‘catbundle_PSU_‘ || name || ‘_ROLLBACK_‘ || TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ‘YYYYMonDD_hh24_mi_ss‘, ‘NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=‘‘AMERICAN‘‘‘) || ‘.log‘ AS spool_file FROM v$database;
@?/rdbms/admin/catbundle_PSU_${dbid}_ROLLBACK.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
EOF
2. 常见问题及处理方案
2.1 在RAC中升级PSU(11.2.0.4.181016)后HAIP发生改变
1) 问题信息
在DB 实例的alert log中，发现升级补丁后重启实例时，提示gpnp获取HAIP的警告信息
2）解决方案
原因：在RAC环境中，OCW PSU未应用到DB ORACLE_HOME引起
# 方案1 应用OCW PSU 到DB HOME
su - oracle
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=‘/apps/soft/28429134‘
${UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION}/27735020/custom/server/27735020/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh -dbhome ${ORACLE_HOME}
${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch/opatch napply -oh ${ORACLE_HOME} -local ${UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION}/27735020/custom/server/27735020
${UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION}/27735020/custom/server/27735020/custom/scripts/postpatch.sh -dbhome ${ORACLE_HOME}
# 方案2 登录DB 实例并修改 cluster_interconnects 参数
alter system set cluster_interconnects=‘169.254.111.210‘ scope=spfile sid=‘orcl1‘;
alter system set cluster_interconnects=‘169.254.58.170‘ scope=spfile sid=‘orcl2‘;
3) 参考文档
11.2.0.4 RAC Database Instance Fails to Start with "No connectivity to other instances in the cluster during startup" After Applying 11.2.0.4 OCT 2018 DB PSU (11.2.0.4.181016 DB PSU) (Patch# 28204707) (文档 ID 2471441.1)
总结建议
在RAC环境中仅仅安装DB PSU累积补丁集的数据库器上依然存在此隐患。建议在RAC环境上升级GI PSU（gi home and db home都应用PSU补丁）
2.2 DB HOME二进制文件未应用问题
1）问题信息
部署RAC环境时，先应用GI PSU补丁后DBCA建库，出现DB HOME软件未能应用。
2）可能原因
-
数据库服务器上有多个不同版本的GI 软件目录，GI补丁只会应用相同版本补丁到DB HOME
-
在OCR中没有注册成功的数据库
-
查找OCR中已注册DB HOME
$GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl stat res -p -w "TYPE = ora.database.type" | egrep ‘^NAME|^ORACLE_HOME‘
-
3) 处理方案
# 重新运行 opatch auto 命令应用指定的软件目录
su - root
opatch auto <UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION> -oh <RAC_HOME> -ocmrf <ocm response file>
# 检查确认
$GRID_HOME/bin/crsctl stat res -p -w "TYPE = ora.database.type" | egrep ‘^NAME|^ORACLE_HOME‘