Python自动化之Excel
方法一:应用pip执行命令
安装openpyxl模块pip install openpyxl
方法二:在Pycharm中:File->Setting->左侧Project Interpreter
Excel读取
读取对应表格
- 打开已经存在的Excel表格
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)
- 根据名称或去表格
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl_1 = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl_1.sheetnames)
sheet = exl_1['work']
'若只有一张表则:'
sheet = exl_1.active
- 获取Excel 内容占据的大小
print(sheet.dimensions)
读取单元格
- 获取某个单元格的具体内容
cell = sheet.cell(row=1,column=2) #指定行列数
print(cell.value)
cell_1 = sheet['A1'] #指定坐标
print(cell_1.value)
- 获取单元格对应的行、列和坐标
print(cell_1.row, cell_1.column, cell.coordinate)
读取多个格子的值
- 指定坐标范围
cells = sheet['A1:C8'] #A1到C8区域的值
- 指定行的值
Row = sheet[1] #第1行的值
Rows = sheet[1:2] #第1到2行的值
- 指定列的值
Column = sheet['A'] #第A列
Columns = sheet['A:C'] #第A到C列
- 指定范围的值
# 行获取
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
print(row)
# 一列由多个单元格组成,若需要获取每个单元格的值则循环获取即可
for cell in row:
print(cell.value)
# 列获取
for col in sheet.iter_cols(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
print(col)
for cell in col:
print(cell.value)
练习题
找出text_1.xlsx中sheet1表中空着的格子,并输出这些格子的坐标
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbood('test_1.xlsx')
sheet = exl.active
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 29972,
min_col = 1, max_col = 10):
#具体查看对应表格的行列数
for cell in row:
if not cell.value:
print(cell.coordinate)
Excel写入
写入单元格并保存
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
sheet = exl.active
sheet['A1'] = 'hello word'
#或者cell = sheet['A1']
#cell.value = 'hello word'
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx') #存入原Excel表中,若创建新文件则可命名为不同名称
写入行数据并保存
- 写入一行数据并保存
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
# 创建一个sheet
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
# 写入excel
# 参数对应 行, 列, 值
sheet.write(1,0,label = 'this is test')
# 保存
workbook.save('new_test.xls')
- 写入多行数据并保存
data = [['hello',22,'hi'],
['hell',23,'h'],
['he',25,'him']]
for i in range(len(data)):
for j in range(len(data[i])):
worksheet.write(i,j,data[i][j])
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx')
将公式写入单元格保存
sheet['A2'] = 'SUM(A1:D1)'
exl.save(filename='test.xlsx')
插入列数据
- 插入一列
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2) #idx=2第2列,第2列前插入一列
- 插入多列
#第2列前插入5列作为举例
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)
插入行数据
第2行前上面插入一行(或多行)
#插入一行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2)
#插入多行
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)
删除
- 删除多列
sheet.delete_cols(idx=5, amount=2) #第5列前删除2列
- 删除多行
sheet.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=5)
移动
当数字为正即向下或向右,为负即为向上或向左
sheet.move_range('C5:F10', row=2, cols=-3)
Sheet表操作
- 创建新的sheet
from openpyxl import load_workbook
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
print(exl.sheetnames)
exl.create_sheet('new_sheet')
- 复制已有的sheet
exl.copy_worksheet(sheet)
- 修改sheet表名
sheet = exl.active
sheet.title = 'newname'
创建新的Excel表
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
workbook.save(filename = 'new_test.xlsx')
Excel 样式
设置字体样式
-
设置字体样式
Font(name字体名称,size大小,bold粗体,italic斜体,color颜色)
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF0000')
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
- 设置多个格子的字体样式
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cells = sheet[2]
font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF000000')
for cell in cells:
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
设置对其样式
水平对齐:distributed, justify, center, left, fill, centerContinuous, right, general
垂直对齐:bottom, distributed, justify, center, top
- 设置单元格边框样式
Side(style变现样式, color边线颜色)
Border(左右上下边线)
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
#先定好side的格式
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
#代入边线中
cell.border = border
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
- 设置单元格边框样式
变现样式:double, mediumDashDotDot, slantDashDot, dashDotDot, dotted, hair, mediumDashed, dashed, dashDot, thin, mediumDashDot, medium, thick
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet['A1']
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor
cell1.fill = pattern_fill
#单色填充
cell2 = sheet['A3']
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=('FFFFFF', '99ccff','000000'))
cell2.fill = gradient_fill
#渐变填充
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
设置行高与列宽
from openpyxl import Workbook
workbook = Workbook()
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 20 workbook.save(filename='new_test')
合并、取消合并单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
end_row=2, end_column=4)
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:B2')
sheet.unmerge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
end_row=2, end_column=4)
练习题
打开test文件,找出文件中购买数量buy_mount
超过5的行,并对其标红、加粗、附上边框。
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Side, Border
workbook = load_workbook('./test.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.active
buy_mount = sheet['F']
row_lst = []
for cell in buy_mount:
if isinstance(cell.value, int) and cell.value > 5:
print(cell.row)
row_lst.append(cell.row)
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
font = Font(bold=True, color='FF0000')
for row in row_lst:
for cell in sheet[row]:
cell.font = font
cell.border = border
workbook.save('new_test'.xlsx')