在ObjC中,什么是深浅拷贝? 深浅拷贝分别指深拷贝和浅拷贝,即 mutableCopy 和 copy 方法。 copy复制一个不可变对象,而 mutableCopy 复制一个 mutable 可变对象。
非容器类对象 如NSString,NSNumber等一类对象
示例1:
// 非容器类对象 NSString *str = @"origin string"; NSString *strCopy = [str copy]; NSMutableString *mstrCopy = [str mutableCopy]; [mstrCopy appendString:@"??"]; // NSLog(@"array1 = %p", array1); // NSLog(@"arrayCopy1 = %p", arrayCopy1);
查看内存可以发现,str和strCopy指向的是同一块内存区域,我们称之为弱引用(weak reference)。而mstrCopy是真正的复制,系统为其分配了新内存空间,保存从str复制过来的字符串值。从最后一行代码中修改这些值而不影 响str和strCopy中可证明。
示例2:
NSMutableString *mstr = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"origin"]; NSString *strCopy = [mstr copy]; NSMutableString *mstrCopy = [mstr copy]; NSMutableString *mstrMCopy = [mstr mutableCopy]; //[mstrCopy appendString:@"1111"]; //error [mstr appendString:@"222"]; [mstrMCopy appendString:@"333"];
以上四个对象所分配的内存都是不一样的。而且对于mstrCopy,它所指向的其实是一个imutable对象,是不可改变的,所以会出错。这点要注意,好好理解。
小结:
1.如果对一个不可变对象复制,copy是指针复制,即浅拷贝;而mutableCopy则是对象复制,即深拷贝。
2.如果是对可变对象复制,都是深拷贝,但是copy复制返回的对象是不可变的。
容器类对象深浅复制
比如NSArray,NSDictionary等。对于容器类本身,上面讨论的结论也适用的,下面探讨的是复制后容器内对象的变化。
示例3:
/* copy返回不可变对象,mutablecopy返回可变对象 */ NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil]; NSArray *arrayCopy1 = [array1 copy]; //arrayCopy1是和array同一个NSArray对象(指向相同的对象),包括array里面的元素也是指向相同的指针 NSLog(@"array1 retain count: %d",[array1 retainCount]); // 2 NSLog(@"array1 retain count: %d",[arrayCopy1 retainCount]); // 2 NSMutableArray *mArrayCopy1 = [array1 mutableCopy]; //mArrayCopy1是array1的可变副本,指向的对象和array1不同,但是其中的元素和array1中的元素指向的还是同一个对象。mArrayCopy1还可以修改自己的对象 [mArrayCopy1 addObject:@"de"]; [mArrayCopy1 removeObjectAtIndex:0];
array1和arrayCopy1是指针复制,而mArrayCopy1是对象复制,符合前面示例1讨论的结论。mArrayCopy1可以改变其内的元素:删除或添加。但容器内的元素内容都是浅拷贝。
示例4
NSArray *mArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"a"],@"b",@"c",nil]; NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]); NSArray *mArrayCopy2 = [mArray1 copy]; NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]); // mArray1和mArrayCopy2指向同一对象,retain值+1。 NSMutableArray *mArrayMCopy1 = [mArray1 mutableCopy]; NSLog(@"mArray1 retain count: %d",[mArray1 retainCount]); //mArrayCopy2和mArray1指向的是不一样的对象,但是其中的元素都是一样的对象——同一个指针 NSMutableString *testString = [mArray1 objectAtIndex:0]; //testString = @"1a1";//这样会改变testString的指针,其实是将@“1a1”临时对象赋给了testString [testString appendString:@" tail"];//这样以上三个数组的首元素都被改变了
由此可见,对于容器而言,其元素对象始终是指针复制。如果需要元素对象也是对象复制,就需要实现深拷贝。
示例5
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSMutableString stringWithString:@"first"] ,[NSString stringWithString:@"b"],@"c",nil]; NSArray *deepCopyArray=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray: array copyItems: YES]; NSLog(@"array[2] = %@, deepCopyArray[2]=%@ ",[array objectAtIndex:2], [deepCopyArray objectAtIndex:2]); //输出值是一样的 NSLog(@"array[2] %p", [array objectAtIndex:2]); NSLog(@"deepCopyArray[2] %p", [deepCopyArray objectAtIndex:2]); //最后两个打印的log内存地址值是一样的 NSArray* trueDeepCopyArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: array]];
trueDeepCopyArray 是完全意义上的深拷贝,而deepCopyArray则不是,对于 deepCopyArray 内的不可变元素其还是指针复制。
自己实现深拷贝的方法 NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.h
#import <foundation /Foundation.h> @interface NSDictionary(MutableDeepCopy) - (NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy; @end
NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.m
#import "NSDictionaryMutableDeepCopy.h" @implementation NSDictionary(MutableDeepCopy) - (NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy { NSMutableDictionary *ret = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:[self count]]; NSArray *keys = [self allKeys]; for (id key in keys) { id oneValue = [self valueForKey:key]; id oneCopy = nil; if ([oneValue respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableDeepCopy)]) { oneCopy = [oneValue mutableDeepCopy]; } else if ([oneValue respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableCopy)]) { oneCopy = [oneValue mutableCopy]; } if (oneCopy == nil) { oneCopy = [oneValue copy]; } [ret setValue:oneCopy forKey:key]; } return ret; }
使用类别方法来实现
如果是我们定义的对象,那么我们自己要实现NSCopying,NSMutableCopying这样就能调用copy和mutablecopy了。举个例子
@interface MyObj : NSObject<nscopying ,NSMutableCopying> { NSMutableString *name; NSString *imutableStr; int age; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *name; @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *imutableStr; @property (nonatomic) int age; @end @implementation MyObj @synthesize name; @synthesize age; @synthesize imutableStr; - (id)init { if (self = [super init]) { self.name = [[NSMutableString alloc]init]; self.imutableStr = [[NSString alloc]init]; age = -1; } return self; } - (void)dealloc { [name release]; [imutableStr release]; [super dealloc]; } - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { MyObj *copy = [[[self class] allocWithZone:zone] init]; copy->name = [name copy]; copy->imutableStr = [imutableStr copy]; // copy->name = [name copyWithZone:zone];; // copy->imutableStr = [name copyWithZone:zone];// copy->age = age; return copy; } - (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { MyObj *copy = NSCopyObject(self, 0, zone); copy->name = [self.name mutableCopy]; copy->age = age; return copy; } @end