• c - Do stdio file descriptors (stdin, stdout, stderr) get opened, simply from #include'ing <stdio.h>? - Stack Overflow
  • standard streams of a program are opened by the operating system? or, inherit from its parent (, which inherit from its ancestor who opens these standard streams).
  • initialization - execute
    • initialization: loading symbol tables, assigning memory, initializing static data, linking dynamic libraries, open standard streams.
    • execute: main() function
  • fork() - exec():
    • fork(): to create a new process, which is still running under shell code.
    • exec(): to yield control from shell code to user code.
  • (standard) file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 (or more customer ones)
• file - What does 'stream' mean in C? - Stack Overflow
  • file & stream.
  • 文件-静态，流-（input/流入、output/流出间可）异步动态。
  • pipe / tube / flow. pool/池。
  • 具象的files, sockets, device (keyboards, USB ports, printers)，抽象为接口/interface，logical entity，称为数据流/data stream 。
  • 此抽象亦叫做文件句柄——pointer to the stream.
  • cout 是C++中的output stream的对象（封装）形式。
• Standard streams - Wikipedia

In computer programming, standard streams are interconnected input and output communication channels^[1] between a computer program and its environment when it begins execution. The three input/output (I/O) connections are called standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr). Originally I/O happened via a physically connected system console (input via keyboard, output via monitor), but standard streams abstract this. When a command is executed via an interactive shell, the streams are typically connected to the text terminal on which the shell is running, but can be changed with redirection or a pipeline. More generally, a child process inherits the standard streams of its parent process.

• c# - Combining FileStream and MemoryStream to avoid disk accesses/paging while receiving gigabytes of data? - Stack Overflow

• • 结论，效果无益
  • FileStream / MemoryStream.
  • disk accesses / paging
  • FileStream constructor
  • Temp directory: something like C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\Temp\  , from environment variable TMP - TEMP -USERPROFILE - ..
• python - How to do virtual file processing? - Stack Overflow
  • tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile(python)
  • StringIO , BytesIO(python)
• File system - Wikipedia
• 随想：
  • 一个字符串也算一个对象、数据流。
  • 元数据/属性为（主）数据基于描述系统（如文件系统）的，相对于主数据的附属数据。

• 考虑：
• （基于内存的）虚拟文件对象/流；->效果无益
• 公共文件对象/流；->见下
• Lua中的io.tmpfile() 。
• 搜索：
  • file handles stdin C streams - Google 搜索
  • virtual memory hard disk file handle stream - Google 搜索