一起学Android之Intent

2022-10-01 11:35:20

本文简述在Android开发中Intent的常见应用，仅供学习分享使用。

什么是Intent?

　　Intent负责对应用中一次操作的动作、动作涉及数据、附加数据进行描述，Android则根据此Intent的描述，负责找到对应的组件，将 Intent传递给调用的组件，并完成组件的调用。因此，Intent在这里起着一个媒体中介的作用，专门提供组件互相调用的相关信息，实现调用者与被调用者之间的解耦。【官方文档：An intent is an abstract description of an operation to be performed（执行某操作的抽象描述）】

Intent的用途有哪些？

关联不同的组件：

用来激活启动其他应用程序的组件。
作为传递数据和事件的桥梁。

Intent调用模式

显式Intent：直接指定目标组件的ComponentNamae，适合启动同一个应用中的其他组件，比如在某应用程序内，一个Activity启动一个Service。
隐式Intent：不直接指定目标组件的ComponentName Class，适合启动设备中不同应用中的组件。

隐式Intent常见例子

打开地图：

1  //打开地图
2     public void open_map(View v) {
3         // Map point based on address
4         //Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
5         // Or map point based on latitude/longitude
6          Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:34.9501439901632,114.95770290767824?z=14"); // z param is zoom level
7         Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);
8         startActivity(mapIntent);
9     }

打开网页：

1  //打开指定的网页
2     public void open_url(View v){
3         Uri webpage = Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com");
4         Intent webIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);
5         startActivity(webIntent);
6     }

打电话

1 //打电话
2     public void open_tel(View v){
3         Uri number = Uri.parse("tel:10086");
4         Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, number);
5         startActivity(callIntent);
6     }

日历上设置日程

//设置日历事件
    public void open_calendar(View v){
        Intent calendarIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT, CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI);
        Calendar beginTime =  Calendar.getInstance();
        beginTime.set(2018, 0, 19, 7, 30);
        Calendar endTime = Calendar.getInstance();
        endTime.set(2018, 0, 19, 10, 30);
        calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, beginTime.getTimeInMillis());
        calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, endTime.getTimeInMillis());
        calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.TITLE, "Ninja class");
        calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_LOCATION, "Secret dojo");
        startActivity(calendarIntent);
    }

判断Intent是否有接收App

 1 public void open_chkintent(View v){
 2         Intent calendarIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT, CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI);
 3         Calendar beginTime =  Calendar.getInstance();
 4         beginTime.set(2012, 0, 19, 7, 30);
 5         Calendar endTime = Calendar.getInstance();
 6         endTime.set(2012, 0, 19, 10, 30);
 7         calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, beginTime.getTimeInMillis());
 8         calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, endTime.getTimeInMillis());
 9         calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.TITLE, "Ninja class");
10         calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_LOCATION, "Secret dojo");
11         PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
12         List<ResolveInfo> activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(calendarIntent, 0);
13         boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;
14         String msg=isIntentSafe?"有合适的接收":"没有合适的接收";
15         Toast.makeText(this,msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
16     }

显式调用Intent

显式调用并传递参数

1 //打开一个Activity
2     public void open_activity_param(View v){
3         Intent intent =new Intent(this,OtherActivity.class);
4         intent.putExtra("Name","Alan.hsiang");
5         intent.putExtra("Age",100);
6         intent.putExtra("Sex",true);
7         startActivity(intent);
8     }

新的Activity获取参数并展示

 1         Intent intent=getIntent();
 2         if(intent!=null){
 3             if( intent.hasExtra("Name")) {
 4                 String name = intent.getStringExtra("Name");
 5                 Integer age = intent.getIntExtra("Age", 0);
 6                 Boolean sex = intent.getBooleanExtra("Sex", true);
 7                 Log.i("DemoIntent", "onCreate: "+name+"--"+age+"--"+sex+" ");
 8                 EditText txtName = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.txt_name);
 9                 txtName.setText(name);
10                 Log.i("DemoIntent", "onCreate: txtName ");
11                 EditText txtAge = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.txt_age);
12                 txtAge.setText(age.toString());
13                 Log.i("DemoIntent", "onCreate: txtAge ");
14                 RadioButton rbMale = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.rb_male);
15                 RadioButton rbFemale = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.rb_female);
16                 Log.i("DemoIntent", "onCreate: rbButton ");
17                 rbMale.setChecked(sex);
18                 rbFemale.setChecked(!sex);
19             }
20         }

备注

Intent的用途还有很多，本文旨在抛砖引玉，希望大家共同学习。