Card Collector
Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 3407 Accepted Submission(s): 1665
Special Judge
Problem Description
In your childhood, do you crazy for collecting the beautiful cards in the snacks? They said that, for example, if you collect all the 108 people in the famous novel Water Margin, you will win an amazing award.
As a smart boy, you notice that to win the award, you must buy much more snacks than it seems to be. To convince your friends not to waste money any more, you should find the expected number of snacks one should buy to collect a full suit of cards.
Input
The first line of each test case contains one integer N (1 <= N <= 20), indicating the number of different cards you need the collect. The second line contains N numbers p1, p2, ..., pN, (p1 + p2 + ... + pN <= 1), indicating the possibility of each card to appear in a bag of snacks.
Note there is at most one card in a bag of snacks. And it is possible that there is nothing in the bag.
Output
Output one number for each test case, indicating the expected number of bags to buy to collect all the N different cards.
You will get accepted if the difference between your answer and the standard answer is no more that 10^-4.
Sample Input
1
0.1
2
0.1 0.4
Sample Output
10.000
10.500
Source
题目大意：要收集方便面中的人物卡片，n是要收集n种卡片，下面给n种卡片的出现概率，问你收集全n种卡片的期望值。
解题思路：概率dp。
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=1<<21;
double dp[maxn];
double p[21];
int main(){
int n;
while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%lf",&p[i]);
dp[(1<<n)-1]=0;
for(int s=(1<<n)-2;s>=0;s--){
double sum=1.0,sump=0;
for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
if(!((1<<j)&s)){
sum+=dp[s|(1<<j)]*p[j];
sump+=p[j];
}
}
dp[s]=sum/sump;
}
cout<<dp[0]<<"++++"<<endl;
printf("%.5f\n",dp[0]);
}
return 0;
}