本次作业的要求来自于：https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE1/homework/3002

0.从新闻url获取点击次数，并整理成函数

• newsUrl
• newsId(re.search())
• clickUrl(str.format())
• requests.get(clickUrl)
• re.search()/.split()
• str.lstrip(),str.rstrip()
• int
• 整理成函数
• 获取新闻发布时间及类型转换也整理成函数

1.从新闻url获取新闻详情： 字典,anews

import pandas
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import re

newsUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/2019/xiaoyuanxinwen_0403/11147.html'
newsDetail = {}

def anews(newsUrl):
    res = requests.get(newsUrl)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsDetail['标题：'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text#题目
    showinfo = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text
    newsDetail['时间：'] = newsdt(showinfo)#时间
    newsDetail['点击次数：'] = newsclick(newsUrl)#点击次数
    return newsDetail

def newsdt(showinfo):
    newsDate = showinfo.split()[0].split(':')[1]
    newsTime = showinfo.split()[1]
    newsDT = newsDate+' '+newsTime
    dt = datetime.strptime(newsDT,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#转换成datetime类型
    return dt

def newsclick(newsUrl):
    id = re.findall('(\d{1,5})',newsUrl)[-1]#返回所有匹配的字符串的字符串列表的最后一个
    clickUrl = 'http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id={}&modelid=80'.format(id)
    resClick = requests.get(clickUrl)
    newsClick = int(resClick.text.split('.html')[-1].lstrip("('").rstrip("');"))
    return newsClick

print(anews(newsUrl))

截图：

 

2.从列表页的url获取新闻url：列表append(字典) alist

3.生成所页列表页的url并获取全部新闻 ：列表extend(列表) allnews

*每个同学爬学号尾数开始的10个列表页

import pandas
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import re

url = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/'
newsDetail = {}

def anews(url):
    newsDetail = {}
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsDetail['标题：'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text#题目
    showinfo = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text
    newsDetail['时间：'] = newsdt(showinfo)#时间
    newsDetail['点击次数：'] = newsclick(newsUrl)#点击次数
    return newsDetail

def alist(url):
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsList=[]
    for news in soup.select('li'):
        if len(news.select('.news-list-title'))>0:
            newsUrl=news.select('a')[0]['href']
            newsDesc = news.select('.news-list-description')[0].text#获取摘要文本
            newsDict = anews(newsUrl)#通过链接获取题目时间点击数
            newsDict['描述：'] = newsDesc
            newsList.append(newsDict)#把每个新闻的信息放进字典扩展到列表里
    return newsList

def newsdt(showinfo):
    newsDate = showinfo.split()[0].split(':')[1]
    newsTime = showinfo.split()[1]
    newsDT = newsDate+' '+newsTime
    dt = datetime.strptime(newsDT,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#转换成datetime类型
    return dt

def newsclick(newsUrl):
    id = re.findall('(\d{1,5})',newsUrl)[-1]#返回所有匹配的字符串的字符串列表的最后一个
    clickUrl = 'http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id={}&modelid=80'.format(id)
    resClick = requests.get(clickUrl)
    newsClick = int(resClick.text.split('.html')[-1].lstrip("('").rstrip("');"))
    return newsClick

tenNews = []
for i in range(49,59):#爬学号尾数开始的10个列表页
    listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i)
    tenNews.extend(alist(listUrl))
print(tenNews)

截图：

 

4.设置合理的爬取间隔

import time

import random

time.sleep(random.random()*3)

import time
import random

for i in range(1,5):
    print(i)
    time.sleep(random.random()*3)#休眠随机数的3倍时间

print(tenNews)

截图：

 

5.用pandas做简单的数据处理并保存

保存到csv或excel文件 

newsdf.to_csv(r'F:\duym\爬虫\gzccnews.csv')

import pandas as pd

pd.Series(anews)
newsdf=pd.DataFrame(tenNews)
newsdf.to_csv('F:/xiaoyuannews.csv')   #在本地项目下生成一个csv文件存储爬取新闻内容

截图：