一、Vagrant介绍

Vagrant 是一个创建虚拟机的技术，可以把它认为是一个 Vmware，它让我们可以通过代码的方式快速地、可重复地创建针对不同虚拟环境的虚拟机，包括 Virtualbox、AWS、Docker 等。它使得我们可以一次性地、自动创建多个环境相同的虚拟机，对于软件开发和测试尤其有用。

二、Vagrant 安装

• 下载并安装virtualbox

• 下载并安装 vagrant

三、Vagrant命令

3.1 显示当前版本：

# vagrant --version
Vagrant 2.2.9

3.2 列出所有Box

#vagrant box list
centos/7 (virtualbox, 2004.01)

3.3 添加一个Box

#vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path>

1）可以从官网 下载各种 Vagrant映像文件

#vagrant box add centos/7

2) 通过指定的URL添加远程box

#vagrant box add https://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-1804_02.VirtualBox.box

3) 添加一个本地box

命令格式如下

# vagrant box add {box_name} {file_path}

示例如下:

vagrant box add CentOS7 E:\Vagrant\boxs\CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-1804_02.VirtualBox.box

3.4 初始化一个新VM

# vagrant init centos7

此命令会在当前目录创建一个名为 Vagrantfile 的配置文件，内容大致如下：

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "centos/7
end

当在此目录启动 Vagrant 后，Vagrant 会从互联网下载centos/7 这个 box到本地，并使用它作为 **VM **的映像。

3.5 初始化一个新VM

# vagrant up

如果我们想启动任意 VM，首先进入有 Vagrantfile 配置文件的目录，然后执行上面的命令。控制台的输出通常如下：

E:\Vagrant\centos7>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/e/Vagrant/centos7/ => /vagrant
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

3.6 启用SSH登陆VM

进入 Vagrantfile 配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant ssh

如果需要从虚拟机中退出，直接在虚拟机中的命令行输入exit命令即可

3.7 查看VM当前的状态

进入 Vagrantfile 配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant status

如果VM正在运行，你可以在控制台中看到如下信息：

Current machine states:

default                   running (virtualbox)

The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.

3.8 关闭VM

进入 Vagrantfile 配置文件所在的目录，执行以下命令：

# vagrant halt

3.9 销毁VM

命令格式如下：

vagrant destory [name|id]

示例如下：

# vagrant destroy ceonts7

如果我们是使用了默认的虚拟机名"default"，那其实我们可以直接输入如下命令销毁VM

# vagrant desotry

运行结果如下：

    default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y
==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...

需要注意的是，我们要慎重使用该命令，该命令会停止VM的运行，并销毁所有在VM中创建的资源