android入门——Service

2022-09-26 14:40:27

简单记录一下四大组件之一的Service的简单实用。

先是最简单的用法，服务的开关，onBind方法的使用

package com.example.wkp.service;

import android.content.ComponentName;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.content.ServiceConnection;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button start=null;

    private Button stop=null;

    private Button bind=null;

    private Button unbind=null;

    private Button get=null;

    private MyService.MyBinder binder;

    private ServiceConnection connection=new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override

        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {

            //得到返回值binder

            binder= (MyService.MyBinder) service;

            //使用binder中的方法

            Log.v("qq",String.valueOf(binder.getNum()));

        }

        @Override

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }

    };

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        start= (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);

        stop=(Button)findViewById(R.id.stop);

        bind=(Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);

        unbind=(Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);

        get=(Button)findViewById(R.id.getnum);

        final Intent intent=new Intent();

        //跳转到配置文件中定义的intent-filter

//        intent.setAction("SERVICE");

//        intent.setPackage(getPackageName());

        intent.setClass(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);

        start.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                startService(intent);

            }

        });

        stop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                stopService(intent);

            }

        });

        bind.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

            }

        });

        unbind.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                unbindService(connection);

            }

        });

        get.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                Log.v("qq",String.valueOf(binder.getNum()));

            }

        });

//        class btnListener implements View.OnClickListener{

//

//            @Override

//            public void onClick(View v) {

//                switch(v.getId()){

//                    case R.id.bind:

//                        bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

//                        break;

//                    case R.id.unbind:

//                        unbindService(connection);

//                        break;

//                    case R.id.getnum:

//                        Log.v("qq",String.valueOf(binder.getNum()));

//                        break;

//                    default:

//                        break;

//                }

//            }

//        }

    }

}

MainActivity.java

package com.example.wkp.service;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Binder;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import android.util.Log;

import android.widget.Button;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/22.

 */

public class MyService extends Service {

    int num=0;

    MyBinder binder=new MyBinder();

    @Nullable

    @Override

    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

        Log.v("oo","binder");

        return binder;

    }

    @Override

    public void onCreate() {

        super.onCreate();

        Log.v("hehe","service create");

        num+=10;

    }

    @Override

    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {

        super.onStart(intent, startId);

        Log.v("hehe","service start");

    }

    @Override

    public void onDestroy() {

        super.onDestroy();

        Log.v("hehe","service destory");

    }

    //创建一个Binder,用来在onBind中返回

    class MyBinder extends Binder{

        int getNum(){

            return num;

        }

    }

}

MyService.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    tools:context="com.example.wkp.service.MainActivity">

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="Hello World!" />

    <Button android:id="@+id/start"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="start"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/stop"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="stop"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/bind"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="bind"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/unbind"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="unbind"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/getnum"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="getnum"/>

</LinearLayout>

activity_main.xml

在AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务

android入门——Service

然后是前台服务和IntentService。就是手机屏幕左上角弹出来的小图标，和广播结合有点类似推送。

package com.example.wkp.service;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/24.

 */

public class SecondActivity extends Activity {

    private Button startFore=null;

    private Button stopFore=null;

    private Button startIntent=null;

    private Button stopIntent=null;

    private Intent intent1,intent2=null;

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

        init();

        intent1=new Intent(SecondActivity.this,MyService2.class);

        intent2=new Intent(SecondActivity.this,MyIntentService.class);

    }

    //按钮控件初始化

    void init(){

        startFore= (Button) findViewById(R.id.startFore);

        stopFore=(Button)findViewById(R.id.startFore);

        startIntent=(Button) findViewById(R.id.startIntent);

        stopIntent=(Button) findViewById(R.id.stopIntent);

        startFore.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

        stopFore.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

        startIntent.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

        stopIntent.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

    }

    class btnListener implements View.OnClickListener{

        @Override

        public void onClick(View v) {

            switch(v.getId()){

                case R.id.startFore:

                    startService(intent1);

                    break;

                case R.id.stopFore:

                    break;

                case R.id.startIntent:

                    startService(intent2);

                    break;

                case R.id.stopIntent:

                    stopService(intent2);

                    break;

                default:break;

            }

        }

    }

}

SecondActivity.java

package com.example.wkp.service;

import android.app.Notification;

import android.app.PendingIntent;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import android.widget.RemoteViews;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/24.

 */

public class MyService2 extends Service{

    @Nullable

    @Override

    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

        return null;

    }

    @Override

    public void onCreate() {

        super.onCreate();

        //创建通知实例

        Notification notification=new Notification();

        //图标

        notification.icon=R.drawable.books;

        //内容

        notification.contentView=new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),R.layout.notify);

        //跳转

        notification.contentIntent= PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,new Intent(this,SecondActivity.class),0);

        //开启

        startForeground(1,notification);

    }

}

MyService2.java

package com.example.wkp.service;

import android.app.IntentService;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import android.util.Log;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/24.

 */

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService{

    /**

     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.

     *

     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.

     */

    public MyIntentService(String name) {

        super(name);

    }

    //必须创建一个无参的构造方法

    public MyIntentService(){

        super("MyIntentService");

    }

    //开启一个新的线程，可以进行耗时操作

    @Override

    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {

        Log.v("haha","onhandle");

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(android.os.Process.myPid()));

        while(true){

            try{

                Thread.sleep(1000);

                Log.v("pp","I am in handle");

            }catch(Exception e){

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void onCreate() {

        super.onCreate();

        Log.v("haha","oncreate");

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(android.os.Process.myPid()));

    }

    @Override

    public void onDestroy() {

        super.onDestroy();

        Log.v("haha","ondestroy");

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));

        Log.v("hehe",String.valueOf(android.os.Process.myPid()));

    }

}

MyIntentService.java

Service和IntentService的区别是后者开启新的线程可以进行耗时操作。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button android:id="@+id/startFore"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="startFore"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/stopFore"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="stopFore"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/startIntent"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="startIntent"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/stopIntent"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="stopIntent"/>

</LinearLayout>

activity_second.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView

        android:src="@drawable/books"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="前台服务"/>

</LinearLayout>

notify.xml

最后Service和Broadcast Receiver结合做一个定点报时

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    package="com.example.wkp.clock">

    <application

        android:allowBackup="true"

        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"

        android:label="@string/app_name"

        android:supportsRtl="true"

        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>

        </activity>

        <service android:name=".AlarmService">

        </service>

        <receiver android:name=".AlarmReceiver">

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="ALARM_ACTION" />

            </intent-filter>

        </receiver>

    </application>

</manifest>

AndroidManifest.xml

package com.example.wkp.clock;

import android.content.ComponentName;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.content.ServiceConnection;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button start=null;

    private Button stop=null;

    private EditText edit=null;

    private Intent intent = null;

    private AlarmService.AlarmBinder binder;

    private ServiceConnection connection=new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override

        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {

            binder=(AlarmService.AlarmBinder)service;

        }

        @Override

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }

    };

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        init();

    }

    void init(){

        start= (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);

        stop= (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);

        edit=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit);

        start.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

        stop.setOnClickListener(new btnListener());

        //绑定服务

        intent=new Intent(this,AlarmService.class);

        bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

    }

    class btnListener implements View.OnClickListener{

        @Override

        public void onClick(View v) {

            switch (v.getId()){

                case R.id.start:

                    binder.setTime(Integer.parseInt(edit.getText().toString()));

                    startService(intent);

                    break;

                case R.id.stop:

                    binder.setState();

                    break;

                default:

                    break;

            }

        }

    }

}

MainActivity.java

package com.example.wkp.clock;

import android.app.AlarmManager;

import android.app.Notification;

import android.app.PendingIntent;

import android.app.Service;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.os.Binder;

import android.os.IBinder;

import android.os.SystemClock;

import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import android.util.Log;

import android.widget.RemoteViews;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/24.

 */

public class AlarmService extends Service {

    private AlarmBinder binder = new AlarmBinder();

    private AlarmManager manager;

    private Intent intent1;

    private PendingIntent pd;

    private int time;

    private boolean flag=true;

    @Nullable

    @Override

    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

        //得到manager

        manager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);

        intent1 = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class);

        intent1.setAction("ALARM_ACTION");

        //得到PendingIntent

        pd = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, intent1, 0);

        return binder;

    }

    @Override

    public void onCreate() {

        super.onCreate();

        //创建通知实例

        Notification notification = new Notification();

        //图标

        notification.icon = R.drawable.books;

        //内容

        notification.contentView = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.notify);

        //跳转

        notification.contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);

        //开启

        startForeground(1, notification);

    }

    @Override

    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {

        //设置闹钟

        //类型，开机到现在的时间||1970.1.1到现在的时间||。。。wakeup唤醒CPU

        //具体时间计算，单位毫秒

        //闹钟的意图

        Log.v("hehe","alarm");

        if(flag){

            manager.setExact(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()+time*1000,pd);

        }else{

            manager.cancel(pd);

            stopSelf();

        }

        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

    }

    class AlarmBinder extends Binder {

        void setTime(int t){

            time=t;

            flag=true;

        }

        void setState(){

            flag=false;

        }

    }

}

AlarmService.java

package com.example.wkp.clock;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.util.Log;

/**

 * Created by wkp on 2016/9/24.

 */

public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override

    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

        Log.v("hehe","receiver");

        context.startService(new Intent(context,AlarmService.class));

    }

}

AlarmReceiver.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:orientation="vertical"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    tools:context="com.example.wkp.clock.MainActivity">

    <EditText

        android:id="@+id/edit"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/start"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="启动"/>

    <Button android:id="@+id/stop"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="关闭"/>

</LinearLayout>

activity_main.xml

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