帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
docker images查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # Show all images (default hides intermediate images) (列出所有镜像)
-q, --quiet # Only show image IDs (只显示镜像ID)
docker search搜索镜像
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11461 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4351 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 848 [OK]
# 可选项，通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11461 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4351 [OK]
docker pull下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker image的核心，联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete
88e473c3f553: Pull complete
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete
50e0789bacad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Already exists
9c8f656c32b8: Already exists
88e473c3f553: Already exists
062463ea5d2f: Already exists
daf7e3bdf4b6: Already exists
1839c0b7aac9: Already exists
cf0a0cfee6d0: Already exists
fae7a809788c: Pull complete
dae5a82a61f0: Pull complete
7063da9569eb: Pull complete
51a9a9b4ef36: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi -f 容器id删除镜像
docker rmi -f 容器id # 删除指定的容器
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id # 删除指定的多个容器
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部容器
容器命令
说明：有镜像才可以创建容器
docker pull centos
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名，用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行
-p 指定容器的端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
列出当前正在运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
2890 pts/0 00:00:00 su
2904 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
55237 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9db50506acc9 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago zealous_pascal
91c9ecaac68b d1165f221234 "/hello" 39 hours ago Exited (0) 39 hours ago bold_borg
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]#
退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker pa -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
docker run -d centos
# 问题：发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个新的前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo tttt;sleep 1;done"
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志条数
查看容器中的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker top f5b5f280723b
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 56237 56219 0 00:47 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker inspect f5b5f280723b
[
{
"Id": "f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be",
"Created": "2021-09-25T07:47:35.734377527Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 56237,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-09-25T07:47:36.224850639Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be/f5b5f280723ba620e896bc7f5b6d6baab8d6d1aa20af318c8ceb623ad59f12be-json.log",
"Name": "/determined_ellis",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c66623ae65d49eaaf6f6d6ed67cce903dbc48280c2088de84674cf203fd58bc3-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/20dad1b8cdbd7eb608ef889df6ac1805bfbda88770591e59e8802f70689be4b0/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c66623ae65d49eaaf6f6d6ed67cce903dbc48280c2088de84674cf203fd58bc3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c66623ae65d49eaaf6f6d6ed67cce903dbc48280c2088de84674cf203fd58bc3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c66623ae65d49eaaf6f6d6ed67cce903dbc48280c2088de84674cf203fd58bc3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f5b5f280723b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "bc3879595c2b5204361794cf0b63171598f1bfe8a3b7ea4d9f2acc1a46f4f97c",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/bc3879595c2b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "68eebab4c5e66566cd040306e3b8bee711409ef2fe4b6cdb6a19dc5f8780a08a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "312ede194eeae6a2486f369b45e2363a351fe32419db3c0830f41cb33b754794",
"EndpointID": "68eebab4c5e66566cd040306e3b8bee711409ef2fe4b6cdb6a19dc5f8780a08a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f5b5f280723b centos "/bin/bash" 21 minutes ago Up 20 minutes determined_ellis
[root@localhost zhaowenxu]# docker exec -it f5b5f280723b /bin/bash
[root@f5b5f280723b /]#
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器拷贝文件到主机
# 进入docker容器内部
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动