You probably have played the game "Throwing Balls into the Basket". It is a simple game. You have to throw a ball into a basket from a certain distance. One day we (the AIUB ACMMER) were playing the game. But it was slightly different from the main game. In our game we were Npeople trying to throw balls into M identical Baskets. At each turn we all were selecting a basket and trying to throw a ball into it. After the game we saw exactly S balls were successful. Now you will be given the value of N and M. For each player probability of throwing a ball into any basket successfully is P. Assume that there are infinitely many balls and the probability of choosing a basket by any player is 1/M. If multiple people choose a common basket and throw their ball, you can assume that their balls will not conflict, and the probability remains same for getting inside a basket. You have to find the expected number of balls entered into the baskets after K turns.

Input starts with an integer T (≤ 100), denoting the number of test cases.

Each case starts with a line containing three integers N (1 ≤ N ≤ 16), M (1 ≤ M ≤ 100) and K (0 ≤ K ≤ 100) and a real number P (0 ≤ P ≤ 1). Pcontains at most three places after the decimal point.

For each case, print the case number and the expected number of balls. Errors less than 10^-6 will be ignored.

2

1 1 1 0.5

1 1 2 0.5

Case 1: 0.5

Case 2: 1.000000

题解：有N个人M个篮筐每个人投进篮筐的概率是P，可以投K轮，求投进去的球。

其实就是求期望值，为什么呢？因为输出的的答案都是小数，所以肯定不是投进去的球数

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    int t,n,m,k,ca=;

    double p;

    cin>>t;

    while(t--)

    {

        cin>>n>>m>>k>>p;

        printf("Case %d: %.6lf\n",ca++, k*n*p);

    }

}