OC基础(16)

2022-01-11 14:54:16

*:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important; }
body > *:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

a {
color: #4183C4; }
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a.anchor {
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margin-left: -30px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 20px 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-weight: bold;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
cursor: text;
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h1:hover a.anchor, h2:hover a.anchor, h3:hover a.anchor, h4:hover a.anchor, h5:hover a.anchor, h6:hover a.anchor {
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text-decoration: none; }

h1 tt, h1 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h2 tt, h2 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h3 tt, h3 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h4 tt, h4 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

h2 {
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

h3 {
font-size: 18px; }

h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

hr {
background: transparent url(data:image/png;base64,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) repeat-x 0 0;
border: 0 none;
color: #cccccc;
height: 4px;
padding: 0;
}

body > h2:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child + h2 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h3:first-child, body > h4:first-child, body > h5:first-child, body > h6:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

h1 p, h2 p, h3 p, h4 p, h5 p, h6 p {
margin-top: 0; }

li p.first {
display: inline-block; }
li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

dl {
padding: 0; }
dl dt {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0 5px; }
dl dt:first-child {
padding: 0; }
dl dt > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dt > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }
dl dd {
margin: 0 0 15px;
padding: 0 15px; }
dl dd > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dd > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

table {
padding: 0;border-collapse: collapse; }
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
background-color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0; }
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8; }
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr th :first-child, table tr td :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
table tr th :last-child, table tr td :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

span.frame {
display: block;
overflow: hidden; }
span.frame > span {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
display: block;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
padding: 7px;
width: auto; }
span.frame span img {
display: block;
float: left; }
span.frame span span {
clear: both;
color: #333333;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0 0; }
span.align-center {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-center > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: center; }
span.align-center span img {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center; }
span.align-right {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
text-align: right; }
span.align-right span img {
margin: 0;
text-align: right; }
span.float-left {
display: block;
margin-right: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: left; }
span.float-left span {
margin: 13px 0 0; }
span.float-right {
display: block;
margin-left: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: right; }
span.float-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: right; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0 5px;
white-space: nowrap;
border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
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border-radius: 3px; }

pre code {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
white-space: pre;
border: none;
background: transparent; }

.highlight pre {
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border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }
pre code, pre tt {
background-color: transparent;
border: none; }

sup {
font-size: 0.83em;
vertical-align: super;
line-height: 0;
}
* {
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 914px) {
body {
width: 854px;
margin:0 auto;
}
}
@media print {
table, pre {
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pre {
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-->

autorelease基本使用

本小节知识点:

【理解】autorelease基本概念
【理解】自动释放池

3. 【理解】autorelease基本使用

1.autorelease基本概念

autorelease是一种支持引用计数的内存管理方式,只要给对象发送一条autorelease消息,会将对象放到一个自动释放池中,当自动释放池被销毁时，会对池子里面的所有对象做一次release操作
- > 注意,这里只是发送release消息,如果当时的引用计数(reference-counted)依然不为0,则该对象依然不会被释放。
autorelease方法会返回对象本身

Person *p = [Person new];

p = [p autorelease];

调用完autorelease方法后，对象的计数器不变

Person *p = [Person new];

p = [p autorelease];

NSLog(@"count = %lu", [p retainCount]); // 1

autorelease的好处
- 不用再关心对象释放的时间
- 不用再关心什么时候调用release
autorelease的原理
- autorelease实际上只是把对release的调用延迟了,对于每一个autorelease,系统只是把该 Object放入了当前的autorelease pool中,当该pool被释放时,该pool中的所有Object会被调用Release。

2.自动释放池

创建自动释放池格式:
iOS 5.0前

NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; // 创建自动释放池

[pool release]; // [pool drain]; 销毁自动释放池

iOS 5.0 开始

@autoreleasepool

{ //开始代表创建自动释放池

} //结束代表销毁自动释放池

在iOS程序运行过程中，会创建无数个池子。这些池子都是以栈结构存在（先进后出）
当一个对象调用autorelease方法时，会将这个对象放到栈顶的释放池

3.autorelease基本使用

NSAutoreleasePool *autoreleasePool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

[autoreleasePool drain];

@autoreleasepool

{ // 创建一个自动释放池

        Person *p = [[Person new] autorelease];

} // 销毁自动释放池(会给池子中所有对象发送一条release消息)

*:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important; }
body > *:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

a {
color: #4183C4; }
a.absent {
color: #cc0000; }
a.anchor {
display: block;
padding-left: 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 20px 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-weight: bold;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
cursor: text;
position: relative; }

h1 tt, h1 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h2 tt, h2 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h3 tt, h3 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h4 tt, h4 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

h2 {
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

h3 {
font-size: 18px; }

h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

h1 p, h2 p, h3 p, h4 p, h5 p, h6 p {
margin-top: 0; }

li p.first {
display: inline-block; }
li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0 5px;
white-space: nowrap;
border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre code {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
white-space: pre;
border: none;
background: transparent; }

.highlight pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }

autorelease注意事项

本小节知识点:

【掌握】autorelease使用注意
【理解】autorelease错误用法

1.autorelease使用注意

并不是放到自动释放池代码中,都会自动加入到自动释放池

 @autoreleasepool {

    // 因为没有调用 autorelease 方法,所以对象没有加入到自动释放池

    Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];

    [p run];

}

在自动释放池的外部发送autorelease 不会被加入到自动释放池中
- autorelease是一个方法,只有在自动释放池中调用才有效。

 @autoreleasepool {

 }

 // 没有与之对应的自动释放池, 只有在自动释放池中调用autorelease才会放到释放池

 Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

 [p run];

 // 正确写法

  @autoreleasepool {

    Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

 }

 // 正确写法

 Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];

  @autoreleasepool {

    [p autorelease];

 }

自动释放池的嵌套使用
- 自动释放池是以栈的形式存在
- 由于栈只有一个入口, 所以调用autorelease会将对象放到栈顶的自动释放池
- >栈顶就是离调用autorelease方法最近的自动释放池 objc @autoreleasepool { // 栈底自动释放池 @autoreleasepool { @autoreleasepool { // 栈顶自动释放池 Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease]; } Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease]; } }
自动释放池中不适宜放占用内存比较大的对象
- 尽量避免对大内存使用该方法,对于这种延迟释放机制,还是尽量少用
- 不要把大量循环操作放到同一个 @autoreleasepool 之间,这样会造成内存峰值的上升

// 内存暴涨

    @autoreleasepool {

        for (int i = 0; i < 99999; ++i) {

            Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

        }

    }

// 内存不会暴涨

 for (int i = 0; i < 99999; ++i) {

        @autoreleasepool {

            Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

        }

    }

2.autorelease错误用法

不要连续调用autorelease

 @autoreleasepool {

 // 错误写法, 过度释放

    Person *p = [[[[Person alloc] init] autorelease] autorelease];

 }

调用autorelease后又调用release

 @autoreleasepool {

    Person *p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];

    [p release]; // 错误写法, 过度释放

 }

码农公寓

autorelease基本使用

本小节知识点:

3. 【理解】autorelease基本使用

1.autorelease基本概念

2.自动释放池

3.autorelease基本使用

autorelease注意事项

本小节知识点:

1.autorelease使用注意

2.autorelease错误用法

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