Pinctrl基础简介

  1. gpio配置框架

之前,所有的gpio操作都是通过gpiolib来实现,常用的api包括:

staticinline int gpio_request(unsigned gpio, const char *label);

staticinline int gpio_direction_input(unsigned gpio);

staticinline int gpio_direction_output(unsigned gpio, int value);

staticinline void gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value);

staticinline void gpio_free(unsigned gpio);

在硬件设计确定了某个设备需要使用哪些gpio之后,软件需要做的是(以msm8916平台TP的中断为例):

1)在msm8916-cdp.dsi中定义使用哪个gpio

i2c@f9924000{

goodix@5d{

compatible= "goodix,gt9xx";

reg= <0x5d>;

interrupt-parent= <&msmgpio>;

interrupts= <13 0x2>;

interrupt-gpios= <&msm_gpio 13 0x00>;

};

}

2)在board-8916-gpiomux.c中定义gpiosuspendactive状态

staticstruct gpiomux_setting atmel_int_act_cfg = {

.func =GPIOMUX_FUNC_GPIO,

.drv = GPIOMUX_DRV_2MA,

.pull = GPIOMUX_PULL_UP,

};

staticstruct gpiomux_setting atmel_int_sus_cfg = {

.func =GPIOMUX_FUNC_GPIO,

.drv = GPIOMUX_DRV_2MA,

.pull =GPIOMUX_PULL_NONE,

};

staticstruct msm_gpiomux_config msm_touch_configs[] __initdata = {

.gpio = 13, /*TOUCH IRQ */

.settings = {

[GPIOMUX_ACTIVE] =&atmel_int_act_cfg,

[GPIOMUX_SUSPENDED]= &atmel_int_sus_cfg,

},

},

  1. PinControl 框架

Gpiolib方式的缺点在于:当同一套代码对应多个board设计时,需要在board-<soc>-gpiomux.c文件中加宏进行区分。对于不同平台项目,在board-msm8974-gpiomux.c文件中添加了很多宏控。

pinctrl方式可以避免代码中的这种冗余代码,它将board-<soc>-gpiomux.c文件中的配置信息移到<soc>-pinctrl.dtsi;这样,针对不同projectboard设计,分别在各自project<soc>-pinctrl.dtsi中定义各自的gpio配置信息。

Pinctrlsubsystem 分为3部分:Pinctrl corePinmuxPinconf

pinctrlcorepincontrol子系统的核心,提供了和devicedriver交互的API

pinmux用于实现pin的复用;

pinconf用于实现pin的配置,如输入/输出、pulldown/pull updriverstrength等;另外还提供了用于debug的接口。

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    1. gpio子系统的交互

虽然pinctrl提供了pinctrl_request_gpio()这样的API,但在代码中不可以直接调用pinctrl_request_gpio(),在该函数的定义处也有说明,如下:

“*This function should *ONLY* be used from gpiolib-based GPIO drivers,

*as part of their gpio_request() semantics, platforms and individualdrivers

*shall *NOT* request GPIO pins to be muxed in.”

当设备驱动申请一个gpio时,仍然需要调用gpio_request(),这里会调用pinctrl_request_gpio()。调用过程如下:

gpio_request()

gpiod_request()

chip->request(chip,gpio_chip_hwgpio(desc));

pinctrl_msm.c中,重新定义了chip->request()

msm_pinctrl_probe()

msm_register_gpiochip()

gc->request= msm_pinctrl_request_gpio;

这里msm_pinctrl_request_gpio()会调pinctrl_request_gpio();

同样地,对于pinctrl_free_gpio()pinctrl_gpio_direction_input()pinctrl_gpio_direction_output()也有类似说明。

因此在clientdevice驱动中,申请和释放gpio仍然要调gpio_request()gpio_free();设置gpioinput/output仍然要调gpio_direction_input()gpio_direction_output()

    1. Pinctrl注册

全文以msm8916平台为例进行分析。

tlmm加载时,msm_tlmm_v4_probe()最后会调msm_pinctrl_probe(),其中会将pinctrl.dtsi中定义的pinctrlinfo解析出来,并且重新定义chip->request()chip->free()等函数。

具体的调用关系如下图所示:

postcore_initcall(msm_tlmm_v4_drv_register); //Pinctrl-msm-tlmm-v4.c

msm_tlmm_v4_probe //匹配pinctrl.dtsi定义的compatible

msm_pinctrl_probe //pinctrl_msm.c

msm_pinctrl_get_drvdata(dd,pdev); //解析pinctrl.dtsi,保存到dd

msm_pinctrl_dt_parse_pintype(node,dd);

msm_pinctrl_dt_parse_pins(node,dd);

msm_register_gpiochip(dd); //定义gpio_request()gpio_free()

gc->request= msm_pinctrl_request_gpio;

gc->free= msm_pinctrl_free_gpio;

msm_register_pinctrl(dd);

dd->pctl_dev= pinctrl_register(ctrl_desc, dd->dev, dd);

    1. Pinstates

一个pinstate对应对pin脚的一种配置,一个pin脚可以配置多个状态,对状态的个数也没有限制。

state的定义和电源管理关系比较紧密,例如当设备active的时候,我们需要pincontroller将相关的一组pin设定为具体的设备功能,而当设备进入sleep状态的时候,需要pincontroller将相关的一组pin设定为普通GPIO,并精确的控制GPIO状态以便节省系统的功耗。

Pinctrl-state.h中给出了常用的3种状态:

  • default

default状态表示设备处于active时的状态,一般在设备驱动的.resume中配置,另外在启动时也会配置pin脚为default状态。

  • idle

idle状态表示系统处于idle时需要配置的pin脚状态,此时系统并没有进入深度休眠。

  • sleep

sleep状态表示系统处于深度休眠时的pin脚状态,一般在设备驱动的.suspend中配置。

当然我们也可以定义任意形式的state,如“on”、“off”等。

goodix@5d{

compatible= "goodix,gt9xx";

reg= <0x5d>;

pinctrl-names= "gt9xx_int_active", "gt9xx_int_suspend";

pinctrl-0= <&gt9xx_int_active>;

pinctrl-1= <&gt9xx_int_sleep>;

interrupt-parent= <&msm_gpio>;

interrupts= <13 0x2>;

……

}

pinctrl-names定义了clientdevice用到的state列表。state有两种标识,一种就是pinctrl-names定义的字符串列表,另外一种就是IDID0开始,依次加一。根据例子中的定义,stateID等于0(名字是"gt9xx_int_active")的state对应pinctrl-0属性,stateID等于1(名字是"gt9xx_int_suspend")的state对应pinctrl-1属性。

pinctrl-x是一个句柄(phandle)列表,每个句柄指向一个pinconfiguration

      1. Boot时配置default状态

如果pin只定义了default状态,那么在设备驱动中不需要再对该pin作处理,因为在启动时会自动设为default状态。

在加载驱动模块时,如果驱动和设备匹配,最终就会调到driver定义的probe函数。在这个过程中,如果使能了pinctrl,而且定义了pindefault状态,就会配置pin脚为该状态。

具体代码流程如下:

driver_probe_device(structdevice_driver *drv, struct device *dev)

really_probe(dev,drv);

pinctrl_bind_pins(dev);

if(dev->bus->probe) {

ret= dev->bus->probe(dev);

}else if (drv->probe) {

ret= drv->probe(dev);

}

pinctrl_bind_pins(dev)的调用过程如下:

pinctrl_bind_pins(dev);

dev->pins->p= devm_pinctrl_get(dev);

dev->pins->default_state= pinctrl_lookup_state(dev->pins->p,

PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT);

pinctrl_select_state(dev->pins->p,dev->pins->default_state);

对于不使用pinctrl的平台,pinctrl_bind_pins(dev)直接返回0

    1. Pingroups

SOC上需要同时配置一组gpio来支持某些功能,如I2CSPIUARTSDC等,在<soc>-pinctrl.dtsi中将这些pin定义为一个group

      1. 配置统一的情况

一组gpio在各个状态下的配置都相同,这种配置比较常见也比较简单。如i2c,在activesuspend状态下,SDASCL的配置都相同:active状态下都是配置为8mA上拉,suspend状态下都配置为2mAnopull

首先在msm8916_pinctrl.c中定义suspendactive状态下的pin脚配置信息,如下:

pmx_i2c_0{

/*CLK, DATA */

qcom,pins= <&gp 7>, <&gp 6>; //使用gpio_6gpio_7

qcom,num-grp-pins= <2>; //共两个gpio

qcom,pin-func= <3>; //复用功能为i2c

label= "pmx_i2c_0"; //表示同一组

i2c_0_active:i2c_0_active {

drive-strength= <8>; /*8 MA */

bias-pull-up; /* PULL UP */

};

i2c_0_sleep:i2c_0_sleep {

drive-strength= <2>; /* 2 MA */

bias-disable; /* No PULL */

};

};

然后在msm8916.dtsi中增加pinctrlinfo的引用:

i2c_0:i2c@78b6000 { /* BLSP1 QUP2 */

compatible= "qcom,i2c-msm-v2";

reg-names= "qup_phys_addr", "bam_phys_addr";

reg= <0x78b6000 0x600>,

<0x7884000 0x23000>;

interrupt-names= "qup_irq", "bam_irq";

interrupts= <0 96 0>, <0 238 0>;

clocks= <&clock_gcc clk_gcc_blsp1_ahb_clk>,

<&clock_gcc clk_gcc_blsp1_qup2_i2c_apps_clk>;

clock-names= "iface_clk", "core_clk";

qcom,clk-freq-out= <100000>;

qcom,clk-freq-in = <19200000>;

pinctrl-names= "i2c_active", "i2c_sleep";

pinctrl-0= <&i2c_0_active>;

pinctrl-1= <&i2c_0_sleep>;

qcom,master-id= <86>;

};

      1. 配置不统一的情况

SDC,每个pin脚的activesleep状态配置各不相同,需要分开设置。

1)在msm8916_pinctrl.c中分别定义各个pinsuspendactive状态下的配置信息,如下:

/*SDC pin type */

sdc:sdc {

qcom,pin-type-sdc;

/*0-2 for sdc1 4-6 for sdc2 */

qcom,num-pins= <6>;

/*Order of pins */

/*SDC1: CLK -> 0, CMD -> 1, DATA -> 2 */

/*SDC2: CLK -> 4, CMD -> 5, DATA -> 6 */

#qcom,pin-cells= <1>;

};

pmx_sdc1_clk{

qcom,pins= <&sdc 0>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <1>;

label= "sdc1-clk";

sdc1_clk_on:clk_on {

bias-disable;/* NO pull */

drive-strength= <16>; /* 16 MA */

};

sdc1_clk_off:clk_off {

bias-disable;/* NO pull */

drive-strength= <2>; /* 2 MA */

};

};

pmx_sdc1_cmd{

qcom,pins= <&sdc 1>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <1>;

label= "sdc1-cmd";

sdc1_cmd_on:cmd_on {

bias-pull-up;/* pull up */

drive-strength= <10>; /* 10 MA */

};

sdc1_cmd_off:cmd_off {

bias-pull-up;/* pull up */

drive-strength= <2>; /* 2 MA */

};

};

pmx_sdc1_data{

qcom,pins= <&sdc 2>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <1>;

label= "sdc1-data";

sdc1_data_on:data_on {

bias-pull-up;/* pull up */

drive-strength= <10>; /* 10 MA */

};

sdc1_data_off:data_off {

bias-pull-up;/* pull up */

drive-strength= <2>; /* 2 MA */

};

};

2msm8916-cdp.dtsi中作出相应修改:

&sdhc_1{

vdd-supply= <&pm8916_l8>;

qcom,vdd-voltage-level= <2900000 2900000>;

qcom,vdd-current-level= <200 400000>;

vdd-io-supply= <&pm8916_l5>;

qcom,vdd-io-always-on;

qcom,vdd-io-lpm-sup;

qcom,vdd-io-voltage-level= <1800000 1800000>;

qcom,vdd-io-current-level= <200 60000>;

//qcom,pad-pull-on= <0x0 0x3 0x3>; /* no-pull, pull-up, pull-up */

//qcom,pad-pull-off= <0x0 0x3 0x3>; /* no-pull, pull-up, pull-up */

//qcom,pad-drv-on= <0x4 0x4 0x4>; /* 10mA, 10mA, 10mA */

//qcom,pad-drv-off= <0x0 0x0 0x0>; /* 2mA, 2mA, 2mA */

pinctrl-names= "active", "sleep";

pinctrl-0= <&sdc1_clk_on &sdc1_cmd_on &sdc1_data_on>;

pinctrl-1= <&sdc1_clk_off &sdc1_cmd_off &sdc1_data_off>;

qcom,nonremovable;

status= "ok";

};

sdhc_2也是同样的配置。

另外还有一种情况,对于一组gpio,在不同statepin_func定义不同的情况,如wifi,在active状态设置为wifi功能,在suspend状态下设置为普通gpio

pinctrl@fd511000{

...

pmx-wcnss-5wire-active{

qcom,pins= <&gp 40>, <&gp 41>, <&gp 42>, <&gp43>.

<&gp44>;

qcom,pin-func= <1>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <5>;

label= "wcnss-5wire-active";

wcnss-5wire-active:wcnss-active {

drive-strength= <6>; / * 6MA */

bias-pull-up;

};

};

pmx-wcnss-5wire-suspend{

qcom,pins= <&gp 40>, <&gp 41>, <&gp 42>, <&gp43>.

<&gp44>;

qcom,pin-func= <0>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <5>;

label= "wcnss-5wire-suspend";

wcnss-5wire-sleep:wcnss-sleep {

drive-strength= <6>; / * 6MA */

bias-pull-down;

};

};

};

    1. PinctrlAPI

structpinctrl *devm_pinctrl_get(struct device *dev);

获取该device对应的pinctrlhandler

structpinctrl_state *pinctrl_lookup_state(struct pinctrl *p, const char*name);

查找name指定的pinctrlstate

intpinctrl_select_state(struct pinctrl *p, struct pinctrl_state *state);

配置pin脚为指定的state

  1. Usecase

下面举例配置tp的中断脚。

1)在msm8916-pinctrl.dtsi中定义pinctrlinfo

&soc{

tlmm_pinmux:pinctrl@1000000

gt9xx_int_pin{

qcom,pins= <&gp 13>;

qcom,num-grp-pins= <1>; /*num_pins */

qcom,pin-func= <0>; /*功能选择*/

label= "gt9xx_int_pin"; /*group name */

/*active state */

gt9xx_int_active:active {

drive-strength= <2>; /*2 MA */

bias-pull-up;

};

/*suspendedstate */

gt9xx_int_sleep:sleep {

drive-strength= <2>; /*2 MA */

bias-disable;

};

};

}

2)在msm8916-cdp.dtsitp的节点中添加引用:

goodix@5d{

compatible= "goodix,gt9xx";

reg= <0x5d>;

pinctrl-names= "gt9xx_int_active", "gt9xx_int_suspend";

pinctrl-0= <&gt9xx_int_active>;

pinctrl-1= <&gt9xx_int_sleep>;

interrupt-parent= <&msm_gpio>;

interrupts= <13 0x2>;

……

}

3)在tp驱动中添加配置。

a.定义pinctrl_info

#defineGOODIX_PINCTRL_STATE_SLEEP "gt9xx_int_suspend"

#defineGOODIX_PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT "gt9xx_int_active"

structgtp_pinctrl_info{

structpinctrl *pinctrl;

structpinctrl_state *gpio_state_active;

structpinctrl_state *gpio_state_suspend;

};

staticstruct gtp_pinctrl_info gt9xx_pctrl;

staticint gtp_pinctrl_init(struct device *dev)

{

gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl= devm_pinctrl_get(dev);

if(IS_ERR_OR_NULL(gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl)) {

pr_err("%s:%dGetting pinctrl handle failed\n",

__func__,__LINE__);

return-EINVAL;

}

gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_active= pinctrl_lookup_state(

gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl,

GOODIX_PINCTRL_STATE_DEFAULT);

if(IS_ERR_OR_NULL(gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_active)) {

pr_err("%s:%dFailed to get the active state pinctrl handle\n",

__func__,__LINE__);

return-EINVAL;

}

gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_suspend= pinctrl_lookup_state(

gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl,

GOODIX_PINCTRL_STATE_SLEEP);

if(IS_ERR_OR_NULL(gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_suspend)) {

pr_err("%s:%dFailed to get the suspend state pinctrl handle\n",

__func__,__LINE__);

return-EINVAL;

}

return0;

}

b.probe函数中初始化pinctrl_info,并设置state

staticint goodix_ts_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const structi2c_device_id *id)

{

goodix_parse_dt(&client->dev,pdata);

gtp_request_io_port(ts);

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gtp_pinctrl_init(&ts->client->dev);

pinctrl_select_state(gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl,gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_active);

……

}

c.suspend()resume()中分别设置为activestatesuspendstate

staticint goodix_ts_suspend(struct device *dev)

{

structgoodix_ts_data *ts = dev_get_drvdata(dev);

intret = 0, i;

ret= pinctrl_select_state(gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl,

gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_suspend);

if(ret)

pr_err("%s:%dcannot set pin to suspend state",

__func__,__LINE__);

……

if(ts->use_irq)

gtp_irq_disable(ts);

……

returnret;

}

staticint goodix_ts_resume(struct device *dev)

{

structgoodix_ts_data *ts = dev_get_drvdata(dev);

intret = 0;

ret= pinctrl_select_state(gt9xx_pctrl.pinctrl,

gt9xx_pctrl.gpio_state_active);

if(ret)

pr_err("%s:%dcannot set pin to suspend state",

__func__,__LINE__);

……

if(ts->use_irq)

gtp_irq_enable(ts);

……

returnret;

}


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Pinctrl基础简介

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