先翻译一下这些方法的用法
-
title_is
: 判断当前页面的title是否精确等于预期 -
title_contains
: 判断当前页面的title是否包含预期字符串 -
presence_of_element_located
: 判断某个元素是否被加到了dom树里,并不代表该元素一定可见 -
visibility_of_element_located
: 判断某个元素是否可见.可见代表元素非隐藏,并且元素的宽和高都不等于0 -
visibility_of
: 跟上面的方法做一样的事情,只是上面的方法要传入locator,这个方法直接传定位到的element就好了 -
presence_of_all_elements_located
: 判断是否至少有1个元素存在于dom树中。举个例子,如果页面上有n个元素的class都是'column-md-3',那么只要有1个元素存在,这个方法就返回True -
text_to_be_present_in_element
: 判断某个元素中的text是否包含了预期的字符串 -
text_to_be_present_in_element_value
: 判断某个元素中的value属性是否包含了预期的字符串 -
frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it
: 判断该frame是否可以switch进去,如果可以的话,返回True并且switch进去,否则返回False -
invisibility_of_element_located
: 判断某个元素中是否不存在于dom树或不可见 -
element_to_be_clickable
: 判断某个元素中是否可见并且是enable的,这样的话才叫clickable -
staleness_of
: 等某个元素从dom树中移除,注意,这个方法也是返回True或False -
element_to_be_selected
: 判断某个元素是否被选中了,一般用在下拉列表 -
element_selection_state_to_be
: 判断某个元素的选中状态是否符合预期 -
element_located_selection_state_to_be
: 跟上面的方法作用一样,只是上面的方法传入定位到的element,而这个方法传入locator -
alert_is_present
: 判断页面上是否存在alert,这是个老问题,很多同学会问到
下面的代码演示了一些常见疑问
- 如何等待页面上的某个元素出现,然后再对这个元素进行操作
- 如何在unittest框架中所有的用例都共用1个浏览器实例,然后在全部用例结束后关闭浏览器
expected_conditions.py
#encoding:utf-8
# example of how to use https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/master/py/selenium/webdriver/support/expected_conditions.py
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import unittest
# dr = webdriver.PhantomJS('phantomjs')
dr = webdriver.Firefox()
# dr = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.baidu.com'
search_text_field_id = 'kw'
dr.get(url)
class ECExample(unittest.TestCase):
def test_title_is(self):
''' 判断title是否符合预期 '''
title_is_baidu = EC.title_is(u'百度一下,你就知道')
self.assertTrue(title_is_baidu(dr))
def test_titile_contains(self):
''' 判断title是否包含预期字符 '''
title_should_contains_baidu = EC.title_contains(u'百度')
self.assertTrue(title_should_contains_baidu(dr))
def test_presence_of_element_located(self):
''' 判断element是否出现在dom树 '''
locator = (By.ID, search_text_field_id)
search_text_field_should_present = EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator)
''' 动态等待10s,如果10s内element加载完成则继续执行下面的代码,否则抛出异常 '''
WebDriverWait(dr, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(locator))
WebDriverWait(dr, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator))
self.assertTrue(search_text_field_should_present(dr))
def test_visibility_of(self):
search_text_field = dr.find_element_by_id(search_text_field_id)
search_text_field_should_visible = EC.visibility_of(search_text_field)
self.assertTrue(search_text_field_should_visible('yes'))
def test_text_to_be_present_in_element(self):
text_should_present = EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.NAME, 'tj_trhao123'), 'hao123')
self.assertTrue(text_should_present(dr))
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(kls):
print 'after all test'
dr.quit()
print 'quit dr'
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
分析
以title_is为例
class title_is(object):
"""An expectation for checking the title of a page.
title is the expected title, which must be an exact match
returns True if the title matches, false otherwise."""
def __init__(self, title):
self.title = title
def __call__(self, driver):
return self.title == driver.title
可以看到title_is
实际上是1个class,其__call__
方法被定义成是返回1个bool值。因此,一般的用法就是
# 实例化
the_instance = title_is('expected')
# 直接在实例上调用__call__
the_instance(dr) #return True or False