前面篇随笔写的是基于对象的跨表查询:对象.objects.filter(。。。) 对象.关联对象_set.all(...) -->反向
基于对象的跨表查询例如:
book_obj= Book.objects.filter(id=4).first() #注意多了个first
print(book_obj) #go 这里得到的是一个models对象
print(book_obj.publish.name) #桔子出版社
这篇随笔主要写的是基于双下划线的跨表查询,其本质是使用join连接其他表进行查询
一对多
def query(request):
#正向查询
ret1=Book.objects.filter(title='西游记').values("publish__name")
print(ret1) #<QuerySet [{'publish__name': '榴莲出版社'}]>
print(ret1.first(),type(ret1.first())) #{'publish__name': '榴莲出版社'} <class 'dict'> 注意key 为 publish__name
print(ret1.first()['publish__name']) # 榴莲出版社 #反向查询
ret2=Publish.objects.filter(book__title="西游记").values('name') #这里的book是表名称,book表里面有字段 title
print('---------------------------------')
print(ret2) #<QuerySet [{'name': '榴莲出版社'}]>
print(ret2.first()['name'])#榴莲出版社
return HttpResponse('ok')
多对多
#查询python书的作者的名字和年龄
def query(request):
#正向查询
ret = Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("authors__name","authors__age")
print(ret) #注意结果的key
#结果 <QuerySet [{'authors__name': 'wang', 'authors__age': 27}, {'authors__name': 'xiao', 'authors__age': 25}, {'authors__name': 'zhang', 'authors__age': 26}]> #反向查询
ret = Author.objects.filter(book__title="python").values("name","age")
print(ret) #区分正向查询的key
#结果 <QuerySet [{'name': 'wang', 'age': 27}, {'name': 'xiao', 'age': 25}, {'name': 'zhang', 'age': 26}]>
return HttpResponse('ok')
一对一
例子:查询名字为 xiao 的gf是什么
def query(request):
#正向查询
ret=Author.objects.filter(name='xiao').values('ad__gf') #Author设置了外键到 AuthorDetail
print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'ad__gf': '刘诗诗'}]> #反向查询
ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name='xiao').values('gf')
print(ret) #<QuerySet [{'gf': '刘诗诗'}]> return HttpResponse('ok')
下面进行跨多表查询,涉及三个表或者以上
#查询西瓜出版社出版过的书籍和书籍作者的名字
def query(request):
#正向
ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="西瓜出版社").values_list("title",'authors__name') print(ret)
#<QuerySet [('三国演义', 'zhang'), ('python', 'xiao'), ('python', 'zhang'), ('python', 'wang')]> #反向
ret = Publish.objects.filter(name="西瓜出版社").values_list("book__title","book__authors__age","book__authors__name") print(ret)
#<QuerySet [('三国演义', 26, 'zhang'), ('python', 25, 'xiao'), ('python', 26, 'zhang'), ('python', 27, 'wang')]>
return HttpResponse('ok')
手机号以11开头的作者出版过的所有书籍名称以及出版社名称
def query(request):
#正向
ret = Book.objects.filter(authors__ad__tel__startswith="11").values("title","publish__name")
print(ret)
#< QuerySet[{'title': 'python', 'publish__name': '西瓜出版社'}, {'title': '三国演义', 'publish__name': '西瓜出版社'}] >
#反向
ret = Author.objects.filter(ad__tel__startswith="11").values("book__title","book__publish__name")
print(ret)
#<QuerySet [{'book__title': '三国演义', 'book__publish__name': '西瓜出版社'}, {'book__title': 'python', 'book__publish__name': '西瓜出版社'}]>
return HttpResponse('查询成功')