509. 斐波那契数
斐波那契数,通常用 F(n)
表示,形成的序列称为 斐波那契数列 。该数列由 0
和 1
开始,后面的每一项数字都是前面两项数字的和。也就是:
F(0) = 0,F(1) = 1
F(n) = F(n - 1) + F(n - 2),其中 n > 1
给你 n
,请计算 F(n)
。
示例 1:
输入:2
输出:1
解释:F(2) = F(1) + F(0) = 1 + 0 = 1
示例 2:
输入:3
输出:2
解释:F(3) = F(2) + F(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
示例 3:
输入:4
输出:3
解释:F(4) = F(3) + F(2) = 2 + 1 = 3
提示:
0 <= n <= 30
题解思路:动态规划、矩阵快速幂
动态规划:
class Solution {
public int fib(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return n;
}
int p = 0, q = 0, r = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
p = q;
q = r;
r = p + q;
}
return r;
}
}
矩阵快速幂:
class Solution {
public int fib(int n) {
if (n < 2) {
return n;
}
int[][] q = {{1, 1}, {1, 0}};
int[][] res = pow(q, n - 1);
return res[0][0];
}
public int[][] pow(int[][] a, int n) {
int[][] ret = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}};
while (n > 0) {
if ((n & 1) == 1) {
ret = multiply(ret, a);
}
n >>= 1;
a = multiply(a, a);
}
return ret;
}
public int[][] multiply(int[][] a, int[][] b) {
int[][] c = new int[2][2];
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
c[i][j] = a[i][0] * b[0][j] + a[i][1] * b[1][j];
}
}
return c;
}
}
通项公式:
class Solution {
public int fib(int n) {
double sqrt5 = Math.sqrt(5);
double fibN = Math.pow((1 + sqrt5) / 2, n) - Math.pow((1 - sqrt5) / 2, n);
return (int) Math.round(fibN / sqrt5);
}
}