OneProxy的主要功能有:
1. 垂直分库
2. 水平分表
3. Proxy集群
4. 读高可用
5. 读写分离(master不参与读)
6. 读写分离(master参与读)
7. 写高可用
8. 读写随机
一、重要概念
Server Group
在OneProxy中,一组主从复制的MySQL集群被称为Server Group。如图. 所示,有Server Group A和Server Group B。
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片1.png)
在OneProxy中,垂直分库和水平分表的实现思路都是建立在Server Group的概念上。为了更好地说明,我们假设以下场景。
A)Server Group A中有三张表table X, table Y, table Z,其中应用对table X操作非常频繁,占用大量I/O带宽,严重影响了应用对tableY, tableZ的操作效率。
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片2.png)
解决方案1.0:把table X移到另一组数据库,即Server Group B中(如图所示),然后通过修改OneProxy的配置来改变table X的路由规则,无须改动应用。
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片3.png)
B)在使用了解决方案1.0后,系统的I/O压力得到缓解。由于后期业务越来越多,Server Group B的写入压力越来越大,响应时间变慢。
解决方案2.0 : 把Server Group B中的table X水平拆分,将X_00, X_01留在Server Group B中,把X_02,X_03留在Server Group C中,如图D所示
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片4.png)
二、安装步骤
1)下载
wget http://www.onexsoft.com/software/oneproxy-rhel6-linux64-v6.2.0-ga.tar.gz
2)上传到目标主机的目录:/usr/local
3)cd /usr/local/
tar zxvf oneproxy-rhel6-linux64-v6.2.0-ga.tar.gz
4)cd oneproxy/
5)修改demo.sh
###############################
#/bin/bash
export ONEPROXY_HOME=/usr/local/oneproxy/ #根据自己环境配置,修改为oneproxy解压后的目录路径
#valgrind --leak-check=full \
${ONEPROXY_HOME}/bin/oneproxy --defaults-file=${ONEPROXY_HOME}/conf/proxy.conf
#####################################
6)创建相关数据库,用户名和密码
已经安装配置好MySQL
mysql -uroot
mysql> create database if not exists test character set utf8 ;
mysql> grant insert, update, delete, select on test.* to test@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'test';
7)chmod +x ./demo.sh
./demo.sh
8)检查是否成功启动。
ps aux | grep mysql-proxy | grep -v grep
如有输出,则启动成功。
若无输出,请检查运行日志/usr/local/oneproxy/log/oneproxy.log
注:目前OneProxy有个限制,如果/etc/hosts文件有IPv6地址,则无法启动,因此需要注释掉
[root@oneproxy oneproxy]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
#::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
9)通过mysql client连接OneProxy
mysql -u test -h 10.0.0.9 -P3307 -p
注:-h 后加上IP(最好不要是 localhost或者127.0.0.1,这种写法可能导致其使用unix socket连接而无法连接上)
三、应用场景与配置范例
下面给出在以下几种场景下,如何正确的配置OneProxy
1. 垂直分库
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片5.png)
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log #指定日志文件路径
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid #指定PID文件路径
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck #指定LCK文件路径
mysql-version = 5.6.27 #版本
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3307 #指定自身监听端口
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A #指定主服务器的IP地址 格式:IP地址:端口@oneproxy组
proxy-slave-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A #指定从服务器的IP地址 格式:IP地址:端口@oneproxy组
proxy-master-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.12:3306@B
proxy-slave-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.13:3306@B
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test #用户列表 格式:用户名/密文密码@数据库名称
proxy-part-template = conf/template.txt
proxy-part-tables.1 = conf/part.txt #指定分表分库的配置文件
proxy-part-tables.2 = conf/part2.txt #指定分表分库的配置文件
proxy-charset = utf8_general_ci #指定数据库字符集
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:master-only
proxy-group-policy.2 = B:master-only
proxy-table-map.1=X:B
proxy-table-map.2=Y:A
proxy-table-map.3=Z:A
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
注:具体参数含义参考附录
2. 水平分表
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片6.png)
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-slave-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-master-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.12:3306@B
proxy-slave-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.13:3306@B
proxy-master-addresses.3 = 10.0.0.14:3306@C
proxy-slave-addresses.4 = 10.0.0.15:3306@C
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-part-tables.1 = conf/part.txt
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:master-only
proxy-group-policy.2 = B:master-only
proxy-group-policy.3 = C:master-only
proxy-table-map.2=Y:A
proxy-table-map.3=Z:A
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
OneProxy分库分表配置文件conf/part.txt
####################################
[
{
"table" : "X",
"pkey" : "id",
"type" : "char",
"method" : "crc32",
"partitions" :
[
{ "suffix" : "_00", "group": "B" },
{ "suffix" : "_01", "group": "B" },
{ "suffix" : "_02", "group": "C" },
{ "suffix" : "_03", "group": "C"}
]
}
]
####################################
3. Proxy集群
4. 读高可用
该方案是为了解决重要配置库的单点问题。在master不可用时,OneProxy会自动读取slave。
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-slave-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:read_failover
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
注:10.0.0.10为只读主库,10.0.0.11为只读从库
5. 读写分离(master不参与读)
读写分离能有效的解决应用读负载较重且能忍受一定延迟的场景。此种模式下,读负载只能由slave承担,写与事务负载只能由master承担。
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-slave-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:read_slave
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
注:10.0.0.10为主库,10.0.0.11为从库
6. 读写分离(master参与读)
这是另一种读写分离模式,所有类型的负载(读、写、事务)都有可能由master承担。
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-slave-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:read_balance
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
注:10.0.0.10为主库,10.0.0.11为从库
7. 写高可用
这是专门针对XtraDB Cluster集群设计的一种模式。这种模式,只允许将一个节点作为写,而所有节点平均的承担所有的读负载。如图所示。
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片7.png)
以图.为例,若Node 1节点不可用,则任意选择另一台机器作为新的节点。如下图所示。
![image](https://github.com/luoyan321/Mysql/blob/master/OneProxy/图/图片8.png)
OneProxy在切换时,没有考虑数据的一致性,需要XtraDB Cluster本身来保证。其它类型的集群慎用。
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-master-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-master-addresses.3 = 10.0.0.12:3306@A
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:write_other
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
注:目前写入节点是由OneProxy自动选择的,无法手动指定。
8. 读写随机
这是专门针对XtraDB Cluster集群设计的一种模式。这种模式,所有的节点都平均的承担读写负载。
OneProxy的配置文件conf/proxy.conf:
###############################
[oneproxy]
keepalive = 1
event-threads = 4
log-file = log/oneproxy.log
pid-file = log/oneproxy.pid
lck-file = log/oneproxy.lck
mysql-version = 5.6.27
proxy-address = :3307
proxy-master-addresses.1 = 10.0.0.10:3306@A
proxy-master-addresses.2 = 10.0.0.11:3306@A
proxy-master-addresses.3 = 10.0.0.12:3306@A
proxy-user-list = test/1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3@test
proxy-charset = gbk_chinese_ci
proxy-group-policy.1 = A:write_balance
proxy-secure-client = 127.0.0.1
proxy-sequence.1 = default
#remote-address = 192.168.1.119:4041
#vip-address = 192.168.1.120/eth0:0
#####################################
1、口令加密
此时可以启动oneproxy
cd /usr/local/oneproxy
sh ./demo.sh
进入管理端口,然后键入passwd <string>。
mysql -uadmin -pOneProxy -P4041 --protocol=TCP
passwd test
输出为:
1378F6CC3A8E8A43CA388193FBED5405982FBBD3