1、部分环境变量字段需要保留原来的值，只是做添加，不可以替换
2、Path和PATH对于python来说是一样的，也就是说存在名为Path的环境变量时，添加PATH的环境变量，会覆盖原有的Path环境变量，需要做判断
3、java_home之类的home路径，若原先已存在路径，哪怕已添加路径，系统也只会从第一个路径查找，而不是新添加的路径查找
4、java安装后配置环境变量时，要注意环境变量是配置在哪个用户下面，所有用户公用的是SYSTEM用户的环境变量
5、设定安装路径时，使用C:\而不是C:\\，否则安装后由于tomcat或java的path为C:\\java之类的，导致系统报错
The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
This environment variable is needed to run this program
NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE
这个报错也可能是windows的本地环境与远程执行环境不同导致的，为了方便，全部用python调用底层api去运行程序或进程或服务，在运行的bat开头set环境变量，然后解决了
代码如下：
# coding=utf8
import os
import sys
from subprocess import check_call if sys.hexversion > 0x03000000:
import winreg
else:
import _winreg as winreg
import subprocess def run_cmd(cmd, cwd=None, runas=None):
u"""
运行cmd命令。
"""
if not sys.platform.startswith('win') and runas and runas != 'root':
cmd = 'su - {} -c "{}"'.format(runas, cmd)
# logger.info(cmd)
proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
shell=True,
cwd=cwd)
return proc def get_output(cmd, cwd=None, wait=True, runas=None):
u"""
获得命令执行后的标准输出或错误输出。
"""
proc = run_cmd(cmd, cwd=cwd, runas=runas)
lines = []
if wait:
while proc.poll() is None:
if proc.stdout:
lines.extend(proc.stdout.readlines())
lines.extend(proc.stdout.readlines())
return lines class Win32Environment:
"""Utility class to get/set windows environment variable""" def __init__(self, scope):
# assert scope in ('user', 'system')
self.scope = scope
if scope == 'user':
self.root = winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER
self.subkey = 'Environment'
else:
self.root = winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
self.subkey = r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' def search(self, name):
key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)
key_value = ''
try:
i = 0
while i >= 0:
key_value, path, value = winreg.EnumValue(key, i)
i += 1
if key_value == name:
break
except:
key_value = ''
return key_value def getenv(self, name):
key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_READ)
try:
value, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, name)
except:
value = ''
return value def setenv(self, name, value):
# Note: for 'system' scope, you must run this as Administrator
key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
winreg.SetValueEx(key, name, 0, winreg.REG_EXPAND_SZ, value)
winreg.CloseKey(key)
# For some strange reason, calling SendMessage from the current process
# doesn't propagate environment changes at all.
# TODO: handle CalledProcessError (for assert)
check_call(
'''\"%s" -c "import win32api, win32con;assert win32api.SendMessage(win32con.HWND_BROADCAST, win32con.WM_SETTINGCHANGE,0, 'Environment')"''' % sys.executable) def get_userenv(self, name):
# Note: for 'system' scope, you must run this as Administrator
key = winreg.OpenKey(self.root, self.subkey, 0, winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
value, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, name)
return value def set_env_path(env_obj, env_name, env_path,refresh=False):
need_add = False
path_values = None
exist_path = None
if env_obj.search(env_name):
exist_path = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name)
if not exist_path and env_obj.search(env_name.upper()):
exist_path = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name.upper()) if refresh:
exist_path=None
if exist_path:
path_values = [i for i in exist_path.split(';')]
for i in env_path.split(';'):
if i not in path_values:
path_values.append(i)
need_add = True
if not need_add and path_values:
return '已添加环境变量{}:{}'.format(env_name, exist_path) if path_values:
env_path = ';'.join(path_values) env_obj.setenv(env_name, os.path.expanduser(env_path))
path_value = env_obj.get_userenv(env_name)
return '已添加环境变量{}:{}'.format(env_name, path_value) if __name__ == '__main__':
env_obj = Win32Environment(scope="SYSTEM")
print set_env_path(env_obj, 'JAVA_HOME', java_home,refresh=True) print set_env_path(env_obj, 'Path', '%JAVA_HOME%\\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\\jre\\bin') print set_env_path(env_obj, 'CLASSPATH',
'.;%JAVA_HOME%\\lib\\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\\lib\\tools.jar')