一、概述
Spring测试框架提供了对单元测试的支持,以便使用spring的依赖注入和事务管理功能
maven依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
二、简单示例
业务接口及实现类
public interface UserService {
void addUser(String name, int age);
void updateUserName(String name);
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired
private DataSource dataSource; public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
} @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
@Override
public void addUser(String name, int age) {
String sql = String.format("INSERT INTO `user`(user_name, age) VALUES('%s', %d)", name, age);
new JdbcTemplate(dataSource).update(sql); this.updateUserName(name + "_" + name);
} @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
@Override
public void updateUserName(String name) {
String sql = String.format("UPDATE `user` SET user_name = '%s'", name);
new JdbcTemplate(dataSource).update(sql); // throw new RuntimeException("9965");
}
}
XML配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 数据源 -->
<bean id="mysql" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
...
</bean> <!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="mysql"/>
</bean> <!-- 开启事务注解支持 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.matt.transaction"/>
</beans>
测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-context.xml")
// @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "txManager", defaultRollback=true)
public class BaseSpringTest { }
public class TransactionConfigTest extends BaseSpringTest { @Autowired
UserService userService; @Test
@Transactional
public void testTransactionConfig() {
userService.addUser("jerry", 30);
}
}
三、配置说明:
- @RunWith:用于指定junit运行环境,spring提供SpringJUnit4ClassRunner作为Junit测试环境,方便使用spring的依赖注入
- @ContextConfiguration:导入Spring配置文件
- @TransactionConfiguration:开启测试类的事务管理支持配置,并指定事务管理器和默认回滚行为,一般无须配置
- @Transactional:表示事务支持,指定方法执行完后自动回滚,可使用在类和方法上
- 使用在方法上,表示该方法获得事务支持
- 使用在类上,表示测试类的所有方法默认获得事务支持
- @Rollback:事务回滚注解,默认为true,可省略,若需要提交事务,须设为false,如下:
public class TransactionConfigTest extends BaseSpringTest {
@Autowired
UserService userService; @Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(false)
public void testTransactionConfig() {
userService.addUser("jerry", 30);
}
}
参考: