0-前言
项目中，文件服务必不可少，常用的有各云服务商的OSS服务（如阿里云OSS，腾讯云OSS，七牛云）、自建(fastDFS、minio)；
推荐：如果用云服务的话，阿里云OSS很方便，如果自建的话，minio无疑是首选；
这里我们来简单介绍阿里云OSS的使用，minio我们后面介绍；
1-实现
1-0、开通OSS，并获取到相关配置参数供程序使用
首先开通阿里云OSS，创建bucket、创建AccessKey，几分钟就搞定了，不会的具体百度下；
1-1、添加依赖
<!-- 1、集成阿里云OSS -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
<version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
1-2、添加配置
# 阿里云存储参数配置
aliyun:
oss:
endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
accessKeyId: XXX
accessKeySecret: xxx
bucketName: ansonfile
1-3、添加工具类（里面细节可以自己相应修改完善）
package com.example.oss.utils; import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClient;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectMetadata;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.*; /**
* 描述: 阿里云OSS工具类
* 版权: Copyright (c) 2020
* 公司: XXX
* 作者: yanghj
* 版本: 4.0
* 创建日期: 2020/9/16 11:38
*/
@Component
public class OssUtil
{
//------------------变量----------
protected static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OssUtil.class); @Value("${aliyun.oss.endpoint}")
private String endpoint;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.accessKeyId}")
private String accessKeyId;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.accessKeySecret}")
private String accessKeySecret;
@Value("${aliyun.oss.bucketName}")
private String bucketName; //文件存储目录
private String filedir = "clouFile/"; //-----------------对外功能----------------
/**
* 1、单个文件上传
* @param file
* @return 返回完整URL地址
*/
public String uploadFile(MultipartFile file)
{
String fileUrl = uploadImg2Oss(file);
String str = getFileUrl(fileUrl);
return str.trim();
}
/**
* 1、单个文件上传(指定文件名（带后缀）)
* @param file
* @return 返回完整URL地址
*/
public String uploadFile(MultipartFile file,String fileName)
{
try
{
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
this.uploadFile2OSS(inputStream, fileName);
return fileName;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return "上传失败";
}
} /**
* 2、多文件上传
* @param fileList
* @return 返回完整URL，逗号分隔
*/
public String uploadFile(List<MultipartFile> fileList) {
String fileUrl = "";
String str = "";
String photoUrl = "";
for(int i = 0;i< fileList.size();i++){
fileUrl = uploadImg2Oss(fileList.get(i));
str = getFileUrl(fileUrl);
if(i == 0){
photoUrl = str;
}else {
photoUrl += "," + str;
}
}
return photoUrl.trim();
} /**
* 3、通过文件名获取文完整件路径
* @param fileUrl
* @return 完整URL路径
*/
public String getFileUrl(String fileUrl)
{
if (fileUrl !=null && fileUrl.length()>0) {
String[] split = fileUrl.split("/");
String url = this.getUrl(this.filedir + split[split.length - 1]);
return url;
}
return null;
} //-----------内部辅助功能------------------------
//获取去掉参数的完整路径
private String getShortUrl(String url)
{
String[] imgUrls = url.split("\\?");
return imgUrls[0].trim();
}
// 获得url链接
private String getUrl(String key) {
// 设置URL过期时间为20年 3600l* 1000*24*365*20
Date expiration = new Date(new Date().getTime() + 3600l * 1000 * 24 * 365 * 20);
// 生成URL
OSSClient ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
URL url = ossClient.generatePresignedUrl(bucketName, key, expiration);
if (url != null)
{
return getShortUrl(url.toString());
}
return null;
} // 上传文件
private String uploadImg2Oss(MultipartFile file)
{
//1、限制最大文件为20M
if (file.getSize() > 1024 * 1024 *20)
{
return "图片太大";
}
//2、重命名文件
// String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
// String substring = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase();
// Random random = new Random();
// String name = random.nextInt(10000) + System.currentTimeMillis() + substring; String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")).toLowerCase(); //文件后缀
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
String name = uuid + suffix; try
{
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
this.uploadFile2OSS(inputStream, name);
return name;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return "上传失败";
}
} // 上传文件（指定文件名） private String uploadFile2OSS(InputStream instream, String fileName)
{
String ret = "";
try {
//创建上传Object的Metadata
ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata();
objectMetadata.setContentLength(instream.available());
objectMetadata.setCacheControl("no-cache");
objectMetadata.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
objectMetadata.setContentType(getcontentType(fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."))));
objectMetadata.setContentDisposition("inline;filename=" + fileName);
//上传文件 OSSClient ossClient = new OSSClient(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
PutObjectResult putResult = ossClient.putObject(bucketName, filedir + fileName, instream, objectMetadata);
ret = putResult.getETag();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (instream != null) {
instream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return ret;
} private static String getcontentType(String FilenameExtension)
{
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".bmp")) {
return "image/bmp";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".gif")) {
return "image/gif";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpeg") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".jpg") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".png")) {
return "image/jpeg";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".html")) {
return "text/html";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".txt")) {
return "text/plain";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".vsd")) {
return "application/vnd.visio";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".pptx") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".ppt")) {
return "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".docx") ||
FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".doc")) {
return "application/msword";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".xml")) {
return "text/xml";
}
if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase(".pdf")) {
return "application/pdf";
}
return "image/jpeg";
} }
1-4、调用
controller:
/**
* 描述: OSS controller
* 版权: Copyright (c) 2020
* 公司: XXX
* 作者: yanghj
* 版本: 4.0
* 创建日期: 2020/9/16 10:33
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("oss")
@Api(value = "OSS",tags = "OSS上传接口")
public class OssController
{ @Autowired
private OssUtil ossUtil; //1、注入OssUtil @PostMapping("/uploadfile")
@ApiOperation(value = "上传", notes = "上传")
public Object fileUpload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file)
{
try
{ String url = ossUtil.uploadFile(file); //2、调用 Map<String, Object> returnbody = new HashMap<>();
Map<String, Object> returnMap = new HashMap<>();
returnMap.put("url", url);
returnbody.put("data",returnMap);
returnbody.put("code","200");
returnbody.put("message","上传成功");
return returnbody;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Map<String, Object> returnbody = new HashMap<>();
returnbody.put("data",null);
returnbody.put("code","400");
returnbody.put("message","上传失败");
return returnbody;
} } }
运行结果：
运行，可用阿里云提供的 OSS Browser直接看到结果；
2、总结
阿里云OSS使用简单方便，官方提供的OSS Browser工具也很方便，按流量计费，费用也还不算贵，如果数据量也不是那么大，费用可接受，采用它无疑是最方便的；当然，如果不想付费使用，用minio自建文件服务也是很方便的，这个我们后面来说；