【前言】
我们上家公司的存储系统用的是FastDFS(智能一代云平台(二十八):对前后端分离和FastDFS的使用的再理解);现在在职的公司用的是阿里云的OSS(OSS的官方文档),在工作的时候整理一个上传OSS文件的工具类,现在与大家分享一下。
【工具类】
1、工具类的代码:
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package zhanghan.oss.utils;
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import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
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import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClient;
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import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
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import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectMetadata;
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import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
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import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonValue;
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import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
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import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils;
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import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
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import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
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import zhanghan.oss.exception.OSSCreateBucketRuntimeException;
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import zhanghan.oss.exception.OSSGeneratePresignedUrlRuntimeException;
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import zhanghan.oss.exception.OssPutObjectRuntimeException;
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import java.io.InputStream;
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import java.net.URL;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.util.UUID;
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/**
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* OSS上传工具类-张晗-2017/10/10
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*/
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public class OSSUtil {
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private volatile static OSSClient instance;
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private OSSUtil() {
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}
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/**
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* 单例
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* @return OSS工具类实例
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*/
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private static OSSClient getOSSClient() {
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if (instance == null) {
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synchronized (OSSUtil.class) {
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if (instance == null) {
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instance = new OSSClient(OSS_END_POINT, OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET);
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}
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}
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}
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return instance;
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}
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//定义日志
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private final static LogUtils logger = LogUtils.getLogger(OSSUtil.class);
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//OSS 的地址
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private final static String OSS_END_POINT = "http://oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com";
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//OSS 的key值
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private final static String OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = "OSSKEY";
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//OSS 的secret值
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private final static String OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET = "OSSSECRET";
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//OSS 的bucket名字
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private final static String OSS_BUCKET_NAME = "zhanghan-test";
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//设置URL过期时间为10年
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private final static Date OSS_URL_EXPIRATION = DateUtils.addDays(new Date(), 365 * 10);
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//文件路径的枚举
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public enum FileDirType {
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ZHANGHAN_TEST("test");
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private String dir;
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FileDirType(String dir) {
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this.dir = dir;
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}
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@JsonValue
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public String getDir() {
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return dir;
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}
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}
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/**
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* 上传文件---去除URL中的?后的时间戳
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* @param file 文件
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* @param fileDir 上传到OSS上文件的路径
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* @return 文件的访问地址
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*/
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public static String upload(MultipartFile file, FileDirType fileDir) {
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OSSUtil.createBucket();
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String fileName = OSSUtil.uploadFile(file, fileDir);
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String fileOssURL = OSSUtil.getImgUrl(fileName, fileDir);
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int firstChar = fileOssURL.indexOf("?");
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if (firstChar > 0) {
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fileOssURL = fileOssURL.substring(0, firstChar);
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}
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return fileOssURL;
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}
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/**
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* 当Bucket不存在时创建Bucket
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*
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* @throws OSSException 异常
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* @throws ClientException Bucket命名规则:
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* 1.只能包含小写字母、数字和短横线,
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* 2.必须以小写字母和数字开头和结尾
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* 3.长度在3-63之间
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*/
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private static void createBucket() {
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try {
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if (!OSSUtil.getOSSClient().doesBucketExist(OSS_BUCKET_NAME)) {//判断是否存在该Bucket,不存在时再重新创建
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OSSUtil.getOSSClient().createBucket(OSS_BUCKET_NAME);
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}
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} catch (Exception e) {
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logger.error("{}", "创建Bucket失败,请核对Bucket名称(规则:只能包含小写字母、数字和短横线,必须以小写字母和数字开头和结尾,长度在3-63之间)");
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throw new OSSCreateBucketRuntimeException("创建Bucket失败,请核对Bucket名称(规则:只能包含小写字母、数字和短横线,必须以小写字母和数字开头和结尾,长度在3-63之间)");
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}
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}
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/**
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* 上传到OSS服务器 如果同名文件会覆盖服务器上的
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* @param file 文件
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* @param fileDir 上传到OSS上文件的路径
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* @return 文件的访问地址
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*/
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private static String uploadFile(MultipartFile file, FileDirType fileDir) {
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String fileName = String.format(
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"%s.%s",
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UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
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FilenameUtils.getExtension(file.getOriginalFilename()));
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try (InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream()) {
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//创建上传Object的Metadata
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ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata();
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objectMetadata.setContentLength(inputStream.available());
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objectMetadata.setCacheControl("no-cache");
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objectMetadata.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
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objectMetadata.setContentType(getContentType(FilenameUtils.getExtension("." + file.getOriginalFilename())));
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objectMetadata.setContentDisposition("inline;filename=" + fileName);
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//上传文件
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PutObjectResult putResult = OSSUtil.getOSSClient().putObject(OSS_BUCKET_NAME, fileDir.getDir() + fileName, inputStream, objectMetadata);
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return fileName;
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} catch (Exception e) {
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logger.error("{}", "上传文件失败");
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throw new OssPutObjectRuntimeException("上传文件失败");
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}
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}
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/**
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* 获得文件路径
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* @param fileUrl 文件的URL
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* @param fileDir 文件在OSS上的路径
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* @return 文件的路径
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*/
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private static String getImgUrl(String fileUrl, FileDirType fileDir) {
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if (StringUtils.isEmpty(fileUrl)) {
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logger.error("{}", "文件地址为空");
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throw new RuntimeException("文件地址为空");
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}
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String[] split = fileUrl.split("/");
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//获取oss图片URL失败
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URL url = OSSUtil.getOSSClient().generatePresignedUrl(OSS_BUCKET_NAME, fileDir.getDir() + split[split.length - 1], OSS_URL_EXPIRATION);
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if (url == null) {
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logger.error("{}", "获取oss文件URL失败");
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throw new OSSGeneratePresignedUrlRuntimeException("获取oss文件URL失败");
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}
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return url.toString();
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}
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/**
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* 判断OSS服务文件上传时文件的contentType
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*
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* @param FilenameExtension 文件后缀
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* @return 后缀
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*/
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private static String getContentType(String FilenameExtension) {
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("bmp")) {
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return "image/bmp";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("gif")) {
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return "image/gif";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("jpeg") ||
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FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("jpg") ||
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FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("png")) {
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return "image/jpeg";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("html")) {
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return "text/html";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("txt")) {
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return "text/plain";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("vsd")) {
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return "application/vnd.visio";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("pptx") ||
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FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("ppt")) {
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return "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("docx") ||
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FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("doc")) {
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return "application/msword";
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}
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if (FilenameExtension.equalsIgnoreCase("xml")) {
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return "text/xml";
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}
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return "image/jpeg";
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}
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}
2、调用工具类的代码:
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/**
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* 上传文件测试
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* @param multipartFile 待上传的文件
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* @return 上传在OSS文件的访问路径
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* @throws BusinessException 上传异常
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*/
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public String uploadTest(MultipartFile multipartFile) throws BusinessException{
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try {
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uploadResult = OSSUtil.upload(multipartFile, OSSUtil.FileDirType.ZHANGHAN_TEST);
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} catch (Exception e) {
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LoggerUtil.logService(LoggerUtil.spManualLoan, "SPManualLoanServiceImpl-submitLoan", "call OSSUtil.upload; Exception:" + e.getMessage());
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throw new BusinessException(WrongMessageEnum.EXCEPTION_STORE);
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}
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return uploadResult;
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}
3、问题&解决:
(1) 问题:通过URL在浏览器中访问时报如下错:
(2)解决方案:在阿里云的控制台上,进入OSS的设置界面,将Bucket的访问权限由 私有 设置为 公共读
【总结】
阿里云现在很多公司都在用,阿里云稳定,安全,相对来说成本更低;给自己更多思考的是如何让项目减少成本,以及阿里云等带来的商业模式。