使用系统用户登录Oracle
系统用户
sys, system
sysman
scott
scott 默认的密码是 tiger
使用系统用户登录
使用 system用户登录
【username/password】 【@server】 【as sysdba|sysoper】
system/root @orcl as sysdba
orcl 就是自己设置的服务名
SQL> connect sys/toor as sysdba
查看登录用户
SQL> show user
User is "SYSTEM"
查看登录用户
dba_users 数据字典 数据字典是数据库提供的表,用于查看数据库的信息。
SQL> desc dba_users
SQL> select username from dba_users;
启用scott用户
启用 scott用户
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
修改用户密码
SQL> alter user scott identified by 123456;
表空间概述
表空间
表空间概述
- 理解表空间
- 数据库与表空间
- 表空间与数据文件
- 表空间的分类
- 永久表空间
- 临时表空间
- UNDO表空间
查看用户的表空间
创建、修改、删除表空间
查看用户表空间
dba_tablespaces、 user_tablespaces数据字典
SQL> desc dba_tablespaces;
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
EXAMPLE
TMP 索引信息
user 数据库对象
-------------
SQL> desc user_tablespaces
SQL> select tablespace_name from user_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
EXAMPLE
SQL>
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0
Connected as scott@WIN_ORCL
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select tablespace_name from user_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
EXAMPLE
权限不一样,向下兼容
dba_users、user_users数据字典
权限大的可以查看权限小的
SQL> desc dba_users;
SQL> select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username=‘SYSTEM‘;
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYSTEM TEMP
每一个用户下面的默认表空间和临时表空间
设置用户的默认或临时表空间
ALTER USER username
DEFAULT|TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE tablespace_name
SQL> alter user system default tablespace users;
SQL> select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username= ‘SYSTEM‘;
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
USERS TEMP
SQL> select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username= ‘SYSTEM‘;
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYSTEM TEMP
创建表空间
创建表空间
CREATE 【TEMPORARY】 TABLESPACE
tablespace_name
TEMPFILE|DATAFILE ‘xx.dbf‘ SIZE XX
SQL> create tablespace test1_tablespace datafile ‘test1file.dbf‘ size 10m;
Tablespace created
SQL> create temporary tablespace temtest1_tablespace tempfile ‘tempfile1.dbf‘ size 10m;
SQL> desc dba_data_files
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name=‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘; # 注意要大写,否则查不到
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\TEST1FILE.DBF
SQL> select file_name from dba_temp_files where tablespace_name=‘TEMTEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\TEMPFILE1.DBF
修改表空间
修改表空间
- 修改表空间的状态
设置联机或脱机状态
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ONLINE | OFFLINE;
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace offline;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name = ‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
STATUS
---------
OFFLINE
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace online;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name = ‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
STATUS
---------
ONLINE
设置只读或可读写状态
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace name
READ ONLY | READ WRITE #设置为READ ONLY 以后就不能进行联机和脱机操作
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace read only;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name = ‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
STATUS
---------
READ ONLY
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace read write;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name = ‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
STATUS
---------
ONLINE
改数据文件
增加数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ADD DATAFILE xx.dbf size xx
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace add datafile ‘test2_file.dbf‘ size 10m;
SQL> select file_name frOm dba_data_files where tablespace_name=‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\TEST1FILE.DBF
D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\TEST2_FILE.DBF
删除数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name
DROP DATAFILE ‘filename.dbf
不能删除第一个表空间文件,如果要就需要删除整个表空间
SQL> alter tablespace test1_tablespace drop datafile ‘test2_file.dbf‘;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select file_name frOm dba_data_files where tablespace_name=‘TEST1_TABLESPACE‘;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D:\APP\ORACLE\PRODUCT\11.2.0\DBHOME_1\DATABASE\TEST1FILE.DBF
更改system用户默认表空间的语句是
alter user system default tablespace xxx
删除表空间
删除表空间
DROP TABLESPACE
tablespace_name 【INCLUDING CONTENTS】
SQL> drop tablespace temtest1_tablespace including contents;
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