1：项目添加spring的支持
a.普通java项目配置如下
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 3 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 4 <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version> 5 </dependency>
b.web项目配置如下
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 3 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 4 <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version> 5 </dependency>
同时在web.xml中配置spring的监听器
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 5 id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> 6 7 <context-param> 8 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 9 <param-value> 10 <!-- 此路径为Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml路径 --> 11 classpath:/applicationContext.xml 12 </param-value> 13 </context-param> 14 15 <listener> 16 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 17 </listener> 18 </web-app>
2：实体配置
Address.java
1 public class Address { 2 private String address; 3 }
Person.java
1 public class Person { 2 private String name; 3 private Address address; 4 private List<String> friends; 5 private Set<String> family; 6 private Map<String,String> relation; 7 private Properties identity; 8 public void init() { 9 System.out.println("init"); 10 } 11 12 public void destroy() { 13 System.out.println("destroy"); 14 } 15 }
3：配置applicationContext.xml，具体配置如下
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans 3 xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 5 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 6 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 9 10 <bean id="address" class="test.Address"> 11 <!-- 向构造函数注入类对象 <constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "address"/> --> 12 <constructor-arg index = "0" value = "zhejiang"/> 13 </bean> 14 15 <bean id="person" class="test.Person" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy" scope="prototype"> 16 <!-- 注入普通属性 --> 17 <property name="name" value="zanglitao"/> 18 19 <!-- 注入类对象 --> 20 <property name="address" ref="address"/> 21 22 <!-- 注入List --> 23 <property name="friends"> 24 <list> 25 <!-- 向List中注入类对象 <ref bean=""/> --> 26 <value>yao</value> 27 <value>ye</value> 28 <value>pin</value> 29 <value>cao</value> 30 </list> 31 </property> 32 33 <!-- 注入Set --> 34 <property name="family"> 35 <set> 36 <!-- 向Set中注入类对象 <ref bean=""/> --> 37 <value>father</value> 38 <value>mather</value> 39 </set> 40 </property> 41 42 <!-- 注入Map --> 43 <property name="relation"> 44 <map> 45 <!-- map的key和value引用其他类对象 <entry value-ref="" value-ref=""/> --> 46 <entry key="father" value="zang"/> 47 <entry key="mather" value="ma"/> 48 </map> 49 </property> 50 51 <!-- 注入Properties --> 52 <property name="identity"> 53 <props> 54 <prop key="gender">male</prop> 55 <prop key="hobby">readding</prop> 56 </props> 57 </property> 58 </bean> 59 </beans>
其中bean的scope属性默认为singleton，web项目中可以设置为request和session
4：测试程序
1 public class SpringTest { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); 4 Person person = (Person)ac.getBean("person"); 5 } 6 }
获得的Person对象所有属性都已经注入
5：Annotation配置
a.配置applicationContext.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans 3 xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 4 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 5 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 6 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 9 10 <!-- 扫描的包 --> 11 <context:component-scan base-package="test"/> 12 </beans>
b.配置实体
Address.java
1 @Scope("prototype") 2 @Component("address") 3 public class Address { 4 @Value("address") 5 private String address; 6 7 public String getAddress() { 8 return address; 9 } 10 }
Person.java
1 @Scope("prototype") 2 @Component 3 public class Person { 4 5 @Value("zanglitao1") 6 private String name; 7 8 /** 9 * @Autowired 默认byType 10 * 当定义了多个相同类型的bean时，在@Autowired下使用@Qualifier("address")可以具体指定需要的bean 11 * @Autowired(required = false) 未找到装配的类也不会报错 12 */ 13 @Autowired 14 @Qualifier("address") 15 private Address address1; 16 17 18 /** 19 * @Resource 有name和type两个属性 20 * @Resource 注释的 name 属性解析为 Bean 的名字，而 type 属性则解析为 Bean 的类型。 21 * 所以如果使用 name 属性，则使用 byName 的自动注入策略，而使用 type 属性时则使用 byType 自动注入策略。 22 * 如果既不指定 name 也不指定 type 属性，这时将通过反射机制使用 byName 自动注入策略 23 */ 24 @Resource(name="address") 25 private Address address2; 26 27 //实体对象创建后调用 28 @PostConstruct 29 public void init() { 30 System.out.println("init"); 31 } 32 33 //实体对象摧毁前调用 34 @PreDestroy 35 public void destroy() { 36 System.out.println("destroy"); 37 } 38 }