原创地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/p/4060666.html
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前面的文章《WCF服务的异常消息》中介绍过，如果WCF Service发生异常时，Service会将异常序列化为SOAP Fault并发送给客户端。
默认情况下，出于安全原因，WCF Service中未处理的异常的详细信息不会包括在发送给客户的SOAP Fault里，你只能看到一个通用的SOAP Fault（“The server was unable to process the request due to an internal error.”）。在调试程序的时候，如果想在SOAP Fault中包含异常的详细信息，可以修改服务器的配置文件。
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="includeExceptionDetails">
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
SOAP Fault是XML格式，与平台无关。通常一个SOAP Fault包含以下节点
(1) faultcode
(2) faultstring
(3) detail
Detail节点可以用来包括自定义XML信息。
WCF Service在发生异常时应抛出FaultException或FaultException<T>，而不应该抛出.NET Exception，出于以下两个原因：
（1）未处理的.NET Exception会使服务器与客户端之间的channel变为Fault状态，继而导致client proxy无法使用。
（2）.NET Exception只能被.NET平台理解，而FaultException与平台无关。如果想跨平台使用，需要使用FaultException。
下面还是以中《WCF服务的异常消息》的例子来分别演示如何抛出与处理FaultException与强类型的FaultException<T>。
（一）使用FaultException
IDemoService.cs：
using System.ServiceModel; namespace WCFDemo
{
[ServiceContract(Name = "IDemoService")]
public interface IDemoService
{
[OperationContract]
int Divide(int numerator, int denominator);
}
}
DemoService.cs：
using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation; namespace WCFDemo
{
[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
public class DemoService : IDemoService
{
public int Divide(int numerator, int denominator)
{
if (denominator == )
{
throw new FaultException("Denominator cannot be ZERO!", new FaultCode("DivideByZeroFault"));
}
return numerator / denominator;
}
}
}
client:
private void buttonCalculate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
textBoxResult.Text = demoServiceClient.Divide(Convert.ToInt32(textBoxNumerator.Text), Convert.ToInt32(textBoxDenominator.Text)).ToString();
}
catch (FaultException fault)
{
MessageBox.Show(fault.Code + " - " + fault.Message);
}
}
SOAP Fault XML
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<s:Body>
<s:Fault>
<faultcode>s:DivideByZeroFault</faultcode>
<faultstring xml:lang="en-US">Denominator cannot be ZERO!</faultstring>
</s:Fault>
</s:Body>
</s:Envelope>
（二）使用强类型FaultException<T>
（1）创建一个自定义SOAP Fault类
DivideByZeroFault.cs：
using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace WCFDemo
{
[DataContract]
public class DivideByZeroFault
{
[DataMember]
public string Error { get; set; } [DataMember]
public string Detail { get; set; }
}
}
（2） 在Service方法上使用FaultContractAttribute来指示哪个操作可以使用哪个Fault
IDemoService.cs：
using System.ServiceModel; namespace WCFDemo
{
[ServiceContract(Name = "IDemoService")]
public interface IDemoService
{
[FaultContract(typeof(DivideByZeroFault))]
[OperationContract]
int Divide(int numerator, int denominator);
}
}
DemoService.cs：
using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation; namespace WCFDemo
{
[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
public class DemoService : IDemoService
{
public int Divide(int numerator, int denominator)
{
try
{
return numerator / denominator;
}
catch (DivideByZeroException ex)
{
DivideByZeroFault fault = new DivideByZeroFault();
fault.Error = ex.Message;
fault.Detail = "Denominator cannot be ZERO!";
throw new FaultException<DivideByZeroFault>(fault);
}
}
}
}
client:
private void buttonCalculate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
textBoxResult.Text = demoServiceClient.Divide(Convert.ToInt32(textBoxNumerator.Text), Convert.ToInt32(textBoxDenominator.Text)).ToString();
}
catch (FaultException<DemoServiceReference.DivideByZeroFault> fault)
{
MessageBox.Show(fault.Detail.Error + " - " + fault.Detail.Detail);
}
}
返回的SOAP Fault XML:
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<s:Body>
<s:Fault>
<faultcode>s:Client</faultcode>
<faultstring xml:lang="en-US">The creator of this fault did not specify a Reason.</faultstring>
<detail>
<DivideByZeroFault xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/WCFDemo" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<Detail>Denominator cannot be ZERO!</Detail>
<Error>Attempted to divide by zero.</Error>
</DivideByZeroFault>
</detail>
</s:Fault>
</s:Body>
</s:Envelope>