Oracle 11gR2静默安装 & 命令行安装

2022-09-18 10:09:27

静默安装

经常搭建Oracle测试环境，有时候觉得OUI（即图形界面）方式甚是繁琐，你得一步一步进行确认，所幸，Oracle支持静默安装。在我看来，它主要有两方面的好处：一、极大地提升了效率，尤其是批量安装。二、很多时候，只有终端环境可供使用。

一、准备responseFile文件

从Oracle软件中获取文件模板

[oracle@node2 ~]$ cd database/response/

dbca.rsp        db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

其中database是Oracle软件解压后生成的目录。可见在response目录下有三个模板，其中dbca.rsp是用来创建数据库的。db_install.rsp是用来安装Oracle软件的。netca.rsp是用来创建监听器的。当然也可在db_install.rsp中直接创建数据库。在这里，为求方便，我们选择db_install.rsp模板一并安装软件，创建数据库。

二、编辑responseFile文件

[oracle@node2 ~]$ grep -Ev "^$|^#" db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=node2.being.com

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=400

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

PROXY_REALM=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

注意部分如上所示，关于每个参数的说明，可参考模板中的解释。

三、静默安装

[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help

如果对runInstaller的参数不是很了解的话，可通过该命令进行查看。

[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -help

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-05-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ Usage:

runInstaller  [-options] [(<CommandLineVariable=Value>)*]

Where options include:

  -clusterware oracle.crs,<crs version>

    Version of Cluster ready services installed.

  -crsLocation <Path>

    Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the crs home location. Specifying this overrides CRS information obtained from central inventory.

  -invPtrLoc <full path of oraInst.loc>

    Unix only. To point to a different inventory location. The orainst.loc file contains:

inventory_loc=<location of central inventory>

inst_group=<> 

  -jreLoc <location>

    Path where Java Runtime Environment is installed. OUI cannot be run without it.

  -logLevel <level>

    To filter log messages that have a lesser priority level than <level>. Valid options are: severe, warning, info, config, fine, finer, finest, basic, general, detailed, trace. The use of basic, general, detailed, trace is deprecated.

  -paramFile <location of file>

    Specify location of oraparam.ini file to be used by OUI.

  -responseFile <Path>

    Specifies the response file and path to use.

  -attachHome

    For attaching homes to the OUI inventory.

  -cfs

    Indicates that the Oracle home specified is on cluster file system (shared). This is mandatory when '-local' is specified so that Oracle Universal Installer can register the home appropriately into the inventory.

  -clone

    For making an Oracle Home copy match its current environment.

  -debug

    For getting the debug information from OUI.

  -detachHome

    For detaching homes from the OUI inventory without deleting inventory directory inside Oracle home.

  -enableRollingUpgrade

    Used in cluster environment, to enable upgrade of a product on a subset of nodes (on which the product was installed). 

  -executeSysPrereqs

    Execute system pre-requisite checks and exit.

  -force

    Allowing silent mode installation into a non-empty directory.

  -help

    Displays above usage.

  -ignoreSysPrereqs

    For ignoring the results of the system pre-requisite checks.

  -local

    Performs the operation on the local node irrespective of the cluster nodes specified.

  -printdiskusage

    Log debug information for disk usage.

  -printmemory

    Log debug information for memory usage.

  -printtime

    Log debug information for time usage.

  -relink

    For performing relink actions on the oracle home

     Usage: -relink -maketargetsxml <location of maketargetsxml> [-makedepsxml <location of makedepsxml>] [name=value] 

  -silent

    For silent mode operations, the inputs can be a response file or a list of command line variable value pairs.

  -waitforcompletion

    Installer will wait for completion instead of spawning the java engine and exiting.

  -suppressPreCopyScript

    Suppress the execution of precopy script.

  -acceptUntrustedCertificates

    Accept untrusted certificates from a secure site.

  -suppressPostCopyScript

    Suppress the execution of postcopy script.

  -noconfig

    Do not execute config tools.

  -noconsole

    For suppressing display of messages to console. Console is not allocated.

  -formCluster

    To install the Oracle clusterware in order to form the cluster.

  -remotecp <Path>

    Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote copy program on the local cluster node.

  -remoteshell <Path>

    Unix specific option. Used only for cluster installs, specifies the path to the remote shell program on the local cluster node.

  -executePrereqs

    To execute only the prerequisite checks.

  -ignorePrereq

    To ignore running the prerequisite checks.

  -ignoreInternalDriverError

    To ignore any internal driver errors.

  -downloadUpdates

    To download updates only.

  -showProgress

    To show the installation progress on the console. This option is supported only in case of silent installation.

Command Line Variables Usage

  Command line variables are specified using <name=value>; for example:

    [ session: | compName: | compName:version: ]variableName=" valueOfVariable"]

   Session/Installer variables are specified using:

          [session:]varName=value

    Ex 1: session:ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"

    Ex 2: ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraHome"

    The lookup order is session:varName then just varName. The session prefix is used to avoid ambiguity.

   Component variables are specified using:

          [compInternalName:[Version:]]varName

    Ex 1: oracle.comp1:1.0.1:varName="VarValue"

    Ex 2: oracle.comp1:varName="VarValue"

    The lookup order is compInternalName:Version:varName, then compInternalName:varName, then just varName.

开始静默安装

[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

其中-silent指的是静默安装，-ignorePrereq忽略prerequisite的检查结果，showProgress显示进度，responseFile是种子文件。

[oracle@node2 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 3073 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 3999 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-04-01_10-13-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@node2 database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

   CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

   ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.

[WARNING] [INS-30011] The ADMIN password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.

   CAUSE: Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].

   ACTION: Provide a password that conforms to the Oracle recommended standards.

You can find the log of this install session at:

 /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log

Prepare in progress.

..................................................   8% Done.

Prepare successful.

Copy files in progress.

..................................................   15% Done.

..................................................   21% Done.

..................................................   27% Done.

..................................................   34% Done.

..................................................   39% Done.

..................................................   44% Done.

..................................................   52% Done.

..................................................   57% Done.

..................................................   62% Done.

..................................................   67% Done.

........................................

Copy files successful.

Link binaries in progress.

..........

Link binaries successful.

Setup files in progress.

..................................................   72% Done.

..............................

Setup files successful.

The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.

Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log' for more details.

Oracle Net Configuration Assistant in progress.

..................................................   86% Done.

Oracle Net Configuration Assistant successful.

Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in progress.

..................................................   95% Done.

Oracle Database Configuration Assistant successful.

Execute Root Scripts in progress.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

    1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

    2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh

..................................................   100% Done.

Execute Root Scripts successful.

Successfully Setup Software.

最后，需root用户手动执行以下两个文件：

1. /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh

当然，也可查看/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-04-01_10-13-42PM.log了解具体的安装信息。

命令行安装

首先来看dbca命令行支持哪些参数。

[oracle@node2 ~]$ dbca -help

dbca  [-silent | -progressOnly | -customCreate] {<command> <options> }  | { [<command> [options] ] -responseFile  <response file > } [-continueOnNonFatalErrors <true | false>]

Please refer to the manual for details.

You can enter one of the following command:

Create a database by specifying the following parameters:

    -createDatabase

        -templateName <name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path>

        [-cloneTemplate]

        -gdbName <global database name>

        [-sid <database system identifier>]

        [-sysPassword <SYS user password>]

        [-systemPassword <SYSTEM user password>]

        [-emConfiguration <CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE>

            -dbsnmpPassword <DBSNMP user password>

            -sysmanPassword <SYSMAN user password>

            [-hostUserName <Host user name for EM backup job>

             -hostUserPassword <Host user password for EM backup job>

             -backupSchedule <Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm>]

            [-centralAgent <Enterprise Manager central agent home>]]

        [-disableSecurityConfiguration <ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE>

        [-datafileDestination <destination directory for all database files> |  -datafileNames <a text file containing database objects such as controlfiles, tablespaces, redo log files and spfile to their corresponding raw device file names mappings in name=value format.>]

        [-redoLogFileSize <size of each redo log file in megabytes>]

        [-recoveryAreaDestination <destination directory for all recovery files>]

        [-datafileJarLocation  <location of the data file jar, used only for clone database creation>]

        [-storageType < FS | ASM >

            [-asmsnmpPassword     <ASMSNMP password for ASM monitoring>]

             -diskGroupName   <database area disk group name>

             -recoveryGroupName       <recovery area disk group name>

        [-characterSet <character set for the database>]

        [-nationalCharacterSet  <national character set for the database>]

        [-registerWithDirService <true | false>

            -dirServiceUserName    <user name for directory service>

            -dirServicePassword    <password for directory service >

            -walletPassword    <password for database wallet >]

        [-listeners  <list of listeners to configure the database with>]

        [-variablesFile   <file name for the variable-value pair for variables in the template>]]

        [-variables  <comma separated list of name=value pairs>]

        [-initParams <comma separated list of name=value pairs>]

        [-sampleSchema  <true | false> ]

        [-memoryPercentage <percentage of physical memory for Oracle>]

        [-automaticMemoryManagement ]

        [-totalMemory <memory allocated for Oracle in MB>]

        [-databaseType <MULTIPURPOSE|DATA_WAREHOUSING|OLTP>]]

Configure a database by specifying the following parameters:

    -configureDatabase

        -sourceDB    <source database sid>

        [-sysDBAUserName     <user name  with SYSDBA privileges>

         -sysDBAPassword     <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]

        [-registerWithDirService|-unregisterWithDirService|-regenerateDBPassword <true | false>

            -dirServiceUserName    <user name for directory service>

            -dirServicePassword    <password for directory service >

            -walletPassword    <password for database wallet >]

        [-disableSecurityConfiguration <ALL|AUDIT|PASSWORD_PROFILE|NONE>

        [-enableSecurityConfiguration <true|false>

        [-emConfiguration <CENTRAL|LOCAL|ALL|NONE>

            -dbsnmpPassword <DBSNMP user password>

            -sysmanPassword <SYSMAN user password>

            [-hostUserName <Host user name for EM backup job>

             -hostUserPassword <Host user password for EM backup job>

             -backupSchedule <Daily backup schedule in the form of hh:mm>]

            [-centralAgent <Enterprise Manager central agent home>]]

Create a template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:

    -createTemplateFromDB

        -sourceDB    <service in the form of <host>:<port>:<sid>>

        -templateName      <new template name>

        -sysDBAUserName     <user name  with SYSDBA privileges>

        -sysDBAPassword     <password for sysDBAUserName user name>

        [-maintainFileLocations <true | false>]

Create a clone template from an existing database by specifying the following parameters:

    -createCloneTemplate

        -sourceSID    <source database sid>

        -templateName      <new template name>

        [-sysDBAUserName     <user name  with SYSDBA privileges>

         -sysDBAPassword     <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]

        [-maintainFileLocations <true | false>]

        [-datafileJarLocation       <directory to place the datafiles in a compressed format>]

Generate scripts to create database by specifying the following parameters:

    -generateScripts

        -templateName <name of an existing template in default location or the complete template path>

        -gdbName <global database name>

        [-scriptDest       <destination for all the scriptfiles>]

Delete a database by specifying the following parameters:

    -deleteDatabase

        -sourceDB    <source database sid>

        [-sysDBAUserName     <user name  with SYSDBA privileges>

         -sysDBAPassword     <password for sysDBAUserName user name>]

Query for help by specifying the following options: -h | -help

由此来看，dbca命令行参数还是及其丰富的，完全可DIY建库。

下面，用最少参数建了一个库。

[oracle@node2 trace]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName test -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle

注意，密码需指定，不然会有以下提示

A value for the command line argument "systemPassword" is not provided. We cannot proceed without a value for this argument.

最后输出结果如下：

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/test/test.log" for further details.

注意：建库时的日志信息可在$ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/<dbname>下查看。

码农公寓

相关文章