软件152 余建强
源码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/qq_35318576/9826210
1 使用框架
SpringMVC、Maven、Ajax、JSTL、JSR303数据校验
2 什么是 RESTful 架构
（1）简而言之，我们总结一下什么是RESTful架构：
1）每一个URI代表一种资源；
2）客户端和服务器之间，传递这种资源的某种表现层；
3）客户端通过四个HTTP动词，对服务器端资源进行操作，实现"表现层状态转化"。
（2）四个表示操作方式的动词：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE。
它们分别对应四种基本操作：GET用来获取资源，POST用来新建资源（也可以用于更新资源），PUT用来更新资源，DELETE用来删除资源。
3 实现步骤
（1）Maven 需要导入的 jar 包，pom.xml 部分配置
<dependencies>
<!-- Servlet API -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope> <!-- 编译时用到servlet-api和jsp-api，但在打包的时候不用这两个依赖 -->
</dependency> <!-- JSP API -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope> <!-- 编译时用到servlet-api和jsp-api，但在打包的时候不用这两个依赖 -->
</dependency> <!-- JUnit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- standard -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency> <!-- hibernate-validator-annotation-processor -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator-annotation-processor</artifactId>
<version>5.0.3.Final</version>
</dependency> <!-- hibernate-validator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.0.3.Final</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
（2）web.xml 文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>SpringMVC_170422_I18N_JSTLView</display-name> <welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> <!-- Spring 解决中文乱码问题 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <!--
配置 org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter：
可以把 POST 请求转换为 DELETE 或 POST 请求
-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置 DispatcherServlet 的一个初始化参数：配置 SpringMVC 配置文件的位置和名称 -->
<!-- 默认的配置文件格式：/WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-servlet.xml -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet> <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> </web-app>
（3）spring-mvc.xml 文件内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 配置自定义扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cqvie" /> <!-- 配置视图解析器：如何把 handler 方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean> <!-- 加载静态资源 -->
<!--
default-servlet-handler 将在 SpringMVC 上下文中定义一个 DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler,
它会对进入 DispatcherServlet 的请求进行筛查, 如果发现是没有经过映射的请求, 就将该请求交由 WEB 应用服务器默认的
Servlet 处理. 如果不是静态资源的请求，才由 DispatcherServlet 继续处理 一般 WEB 应用服务器默认的 Servlet 的名称都是 default.
若所使用的 WEB 服务器的默认 Servlet 名称不是 default，则需要通过 default-servlet-name 属性显式指定
-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 避免不能正常访问@RequestMapping链接，通常配置 mvc:annotation-driven 标签 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 配置国际化资源文件 -->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename" value="i18n"></property>
</bean> </beans>
（4）实体类 Department.java 和 Employee.java
package com.cqvie.model;
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String departmentName;
public Department() {} //不能省略此无参构造方法
public Department(Integer id, String departmentName) {
this.id = id;
this.departmentName = departmentName;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getDepartmentName() {
return departmentName;
}
public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
this.departmentName = departmentName;
}
}
Department.java
package com.cqvie.model; import java.util.Date; import javax.validation.constraints.Past; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.NumberFormat; public class Employee { private Integer id;
@NotEmpty //不为空
private String lastName;
@Email //必须为邮件格式
private String email;
private int gender;
@Past //日期必须小于当前日期
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") //日期格式
private Date birthday;
@NumberFormat(pattern = "#,###,##.#")//eg:8,456,89.2 输入数字格式
private Float num;
private Department department; public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, int gender, Department department) {
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
this.department = department;
} public Employee() {
} public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Department getDepartment() {
return department;
}
public void setDepartment(Department department) {
this.department = department;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Float getNum() {
return num;
}
public void setNum(Float num) {
this.num = num;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email=" + email + ", gender=" + gender
+ ", birthday=" + birthday + ", num=" + num + ", department=" + department + "]";
} }
Employee.java
（5）Dao 类，本实例属于简单模拟数据库操作，并非实际数据库操作
package com.cqvie.dao; import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.cqvie.model.Department; @Repository
public class DepartmentDao { private static Map<Integer, Department> departments = null; /**
* 静态资源，模拟数据库操作
*/
static {
departments = new HashMap<Integer, Department>();
departments.put(101, new Department(101, "D-AA"));
departments.put(102, new Department(102, "D-BB"));
departments.put(103, new Department(103, "D-CC"));
departments.put(104, new Department(104, "D-DD"));
departments.put(105, new Department(105, "D-EE"));
} /**
* 获得全部部门信息
* @return
*/
public Collection<Department> getDepartments() {
return departments.values();
} /**
* 根据ID获取部门
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Department getDepartment(Integer id) {
return departments.get(id);
}
}
DepartmentDao.java
package com.cqvie.dao; import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.cqvie.model.Department;
import com.cqvie.model.Employee; @Repository
public class EmployeeDao { private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null; @Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao; /**
* 静态资源，模拟数据库数据
*/
static {
employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
} private static Integer initId = 1006; /**
* 保存信息
* @param employee
*/
public void save(Employee employee) {
if(employee.getId() == null) {
employee.setId(initId ++);
}
employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
} /**
* 获得全部信息
* @return
*/
public Collection<Employee> getAll() {
return employees.values();
} /**
* 根据ID获取信息
*/
public Employee get(Integer id) {
return employees.get(id);
} /**
* 根据ID删除该信息
* @param id
*/
public void delete(Integer id) {
employees.remove(id);
}
}
EmployeeDao.java
（6）Handler 及控制层代码 EmployeeHandler.java
package com.cqvie.handler; import java.util.Map; import javax.validation.Valid; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import com.cqvie.dao.DepartmentDao;
import com.cqvie.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.cqvie.model.Employee; @Controller
public class EmployeeHandler { @Autowired
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao; /**
* 显示所有用户
* @param map
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/emps")
public String list(Map<String, Object> map) {
map.put("employees", employeeDao.getAll());
System.out.println("****list*****");
return "list";
} /**
* 输入信息页面
* @param map
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp")
public String input(Map<String, Object> map) {
map.put("dapartments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
map.put("employee", new Employee());// employee 和 input.jsp 页面的 modelAttribute="employee" 值一致
System.out.println("****input*****");
return "input";
} /**
* 保存用户
* @param employee
* @param result
* @param map
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp-save", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public String save(@Valid Employee employee, Errors result, Map<String, Object> map) { if(result.getErrorCount() > 0) {
System.err.println("*********************出错了！*********************");
for(FieldError error: result.getFieldErrors()) {
System.err.println(error.getField() + "：" + error.getDefaultMessage());
}
map.put("dapartments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
return "input";
} employeeDao.save(employee);
System.out.println("****save*****");
System.out.println(employee);
return "redirect:/emps";
} /**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp-del/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
employeeDao.delete(id);
System.out.println("*****delete******");
return "redirect:/emps";
} /**
* 修改用户页面
* @param id
* @param map
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/emp-update-input/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String inputUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Map<String, Object> map) {
map.put("employee", employeeDao.get(id));// employee 和 input.jsp 页面的 modelAttribute="employee" 值一致
map.put("dapartments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
return "input";
}
/**
* 修改用户
* @param employee
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "emp-save", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String update(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.save(employee);
System.out.println("*****update******");
return "redirect:/emps";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void getEmployee(@RequestParam(value = "id", required = false) Integer id,
Map<String, Object> map) {
if(id != null) {
map.put("employee", employeeDao.get(id));
}
}
}
（7）显示界面 list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!--
SpringMVC 处理静态资源:
1. 为什么会有这样的问题:
优雅的 REST 风格的资源URL 不希望带 .html 或 .do 等后缀
若将 DispatcherServlet 请求映射配置为 /,
则 Spring MVC 将捕获 WEB 容器的所有请求, 包括静态资源的请求, SpringMVC 会将他们当成一个普通请求处理,
因找不到对应处理器将导致错误。
2. 解决: 在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中配置 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
-->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
$(".delete").click(function() {
var name = $(this).next(":input").val();
var result = confirm("确认要删除 " + name + " 的信息吗？");
if(result == true) {
var href = $(this).attr("href");
$("form").attr("action", href).submit();
}
return false;
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<c:if test="${empty requestScope.employees}">
没有任何员工信息。
</c:if>
<c:if test="${!empty requestScope.employees}">
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>LastName</th>
<th>E-mail</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>Department</th>
<th>Edit</th>
<th>Delete</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.employees }" var="emp">
<tr>
<td>${emp.id }</td>
<td>${emp.lastName }</td>
<td>${emp.email }</td>
<td>${emp.gender == 0 ? 'Female' : 'Male'}</td>
<td>${emp.department.departmentName }</td>
<td>
<a href="emp-update-input/${emp.id}">Edit</a>
</td>
<td>
<a class="delete" href="emp-del/${emp.id}">Delete</a>
<input type="hidden" value="${emp.lastName}" />
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</c:if>
<hr>
<a href="emp">Add New Employee</a>
<form action="" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
</form>
</body>
</html>
（8）增加用户和修改用户界面 input.jsp
<%@page import="java.util.HashMap"%>
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%
Map<String, Object> genders = new HashMap<String, Object>();
genders.put("1", "Male");
genders.put("0", "Female");
request.setAttribute("genders", genders);
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
可以通过 modelAttribute 属性指定绑定的模型属性，
若没有指定该属性，则默认从 request 域对象中读取 command 的表单 bean，
如果该属性值也不存在，则会发生错误
-->
<form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/emp-save" method="post" modelAttribute="employee">
<form:errors path="*"></form:errors><br>
<c:if test="${employee.id == null}">
<!-- path 属性对应 HTML 表单标签的 name 属性 -->
LastName：<form:input path="lastName"/>
<form:errors path="lastName"></form:errors>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${employee.id != null}">
<form:hidden path="id"/>
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
</c:if>
<br>
Email：<form:input path="email"/>
<form:errors path="email"></form:errors> <br>
Gender：<form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genders}"/> <br>
Birthday：<form:input path="birthday"/>
<form:errors path="birthday"></form:errors> <br>
Number：<form:input path="num"/> <br>
Department：<form:select path="department.id" items="${dapartments}" itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id"></form:select><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form:form> </body>
</html>
（9）国际化资源文件 i18n.properties 配置，本例用户 JSR303 数据校验自定义提示错误语言
NotEmpty.employee.lastName = LastName \u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A
Email.employee.email = Email \u4E0D\u662F\u5408\u6CD5\u90AE\u7BB1
Past.employee.birthday = Birthday \u4E0D\u80FD\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5C06\u6765\u7684\u65F6\u95F4
typeMismatch.employee.birthday = Birthday \u4E0D\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\u65E5\u671F
使用SpringMVC RESTful 架构实现简单的 CRUD 操作到此就结束了，欢迎大家提问纠错。