一、if判断
1、语法一:
if 条件:
子代码块
示例代码:
sex = 'female'
age = 18
is_beautiful = True
if sex == 'female' and age >16 and age < 20 and is_beautiful:
print("开始表白。。")
2、语法二:
if 条件:
#条件成立时执行的子代码块
子代码块
else:
#条件不成立时执行的子代码块
子代码块
示例代码:
sex = 'female'
age = 28
is_beautiful = True
if sex == 'female' and age > 16 and age < 20 and is_beautiful:
print("开始表白。。")
else:
print("阿姨好。。")
3、语法三:
if 条件1:
子代码块
if 条件2:
子代码块
示例代码:
sex = 'female'
age = 18
is_beautiful = True
is_successful = True
if sex == 'female' and age > 16 and age < 20 and is_beautiful:
print("开始表白。。")
if is_successful:
print("在一起")
else:
print("爱是折磨人的东西。。")
else:
print("阿姨好。。")
4、完整的if语句
if 条件1:
子代码块1
elif 条件2:
子代码块2
elif 条件3:
子代码块3
else:
子代码块4
示例代码:
score = int(input("please input your score:"))
if score >= 90:
print("优秀")
elif score >= 80:
print("良好")
elif score >= 70:
print("普通")
else:
print("很差")
二、while循环
1、语法:
while 条件:
循环体
2、结束循环方法一:
条件改为False,不会立即结束循环,而是在下一次循环判断条件时才生效。
示例:
tag = True
while tag:
name = input("please input your name:")
pwd = input("please input your password:")
if name == 'shj' and pwd == '123':
print("login successful")
tag = False # 后面的代码依然会执行
else:
print("Invalid username and password.")
print("end".center(20,'*'))
3、结束循环方法二:
break,一定要放在循环体内,一旦循环执行到break就会立即结束本层循环。
示例:
while True:
name = input("please input your name:")
pwd = input("please input your password:")
if name == 'shj' and pwd == '123':
print("login successful")
break # 后面的代码不会执行
else:
print("Invalid username or password.")
continue # 此处加continue无用
print("end".center(20,'*'))
4、结束循环方法三:
continue,结束本次循环,直接进入下一次循环
示例:打印1,2,3,5
count = 1
while count < 6
if count == 4:
count += 1
continue
print(count)
count += 1
5、while+else
在循环结束后,并且只有循环没有被break打断过的情况下,才会执行else的代码。
while True:
print(1)
break
else: # else的代码不会执行
print("else的代码")
tag=True
while tag:
print(1)
print(2)
print(3)
tag=False
else: # else的代码会被执行
print('else的代码')
6、while的嵌套循环
语法:
while 条件1:
while 条件2:
代码1
代码2
代码3
示例一:
while True:
name=input('please input your name: ')
pwd=input('please input your password: ')
if name == 'shj' and pwd == '123':
print("login successful..")
while True:
print("""
0 退出
1 取款
2 转账
3 查询
""")
choice = input("请输入您要执行的操作:")
if choice == '1':
print("取款")
elif choice == '2':
print("转账")
elif choice == '3':
print("查询")
elif choice == '0':
break
else:
print("您的输入有误,请重新输入。")
break
else:
print('username or password error.')
示例二:
tag = True
while tag:
name=input('please input your name: ')
pwd=input('please input your password: ')
if name == 'shj' and pwd == '123':
print("login successful")
while tag:
print("""
0 退出
1 取款
2 转账
3 查询
""")
choice = input("请输入您要执行的操作:")
if choice == '0':
tag = False
elif choice == '1':
print("取款")
elif choice == '2':
print("转账")
elif choice == '3':
print("查询")
else:
print("您的输入有误,请重新输入")
else:
print("username or password error.")
三、for循环
for循环的强大之处在于循环取值
循环遍历列表
l = ['a','b','c','d','e']
#用while循环完成,比较复杂
i = 0
while i < len(l):
print(l[i])
i += 1
# for循环简单
for x in l:
print(x)
# 以字典为例,while实现困难,for循环简单
dic={'name':'egon','age':18,'gender':'male'}
for a in dic:
print(a,dic[a])
# for+break
nums=[11,22,33,44,55]
for x in nums:
if x == 44:
break
print(x)
# for + continue
nums=[11,22,33,44,55]
for x in nums:
if x == 22 or x == 44:
continue
print(x)
# for + else
names=['egon','kevin1111_dsb','alex_dsb','mac_dsb']
for name in names:
if name == 'kevin_dsb':
break
print(name)
else:
print('======>')
# for+ range()
# range的用法
>>> range(1,5)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> for i in range(1,5):
... print(i)
...
1
2
3
4
>>> range(1,5,1)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> range(1,5,2) # 1 3
[1, 3]
#for嵌套
for i in range(3):
for j in range(4):
print(i,j)
# 对上述代码的翻译及其运行过程
for i in [0,1,2]: # i=1
for j in [0,1,2,3]: # j=1
print(i,j)
执行结果如下(外层循环每执行一次,内层循环就遍历一遍):
'''
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
'''