XML 的初次邂逅
初次邂逅XML
如何进行XML文件解析前的准备工作
在Java程序中如何获取xml文件的内容
在Java程序中读取xml文件的过程也成为----解析xml文件
解析的目的:获取节点名、节点值、属性名、属性值
四种解析方式:DOM SAX DOM4J JDOM
应用 DOM 方式解析 XML
book.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <bookstore> <book id="1"> <name>冰与火之歌</name> <author>乔治马丁</author> <year>2014</year> <price>89</price> </book> <book id="2"> <name>安徒生童话</name> <year>2004</year> <price>77</price> <language>English</language> </book> </bookstore>
DOMTest.java
package com.imooc.domtest.test; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; public class DOMTest { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ // 创建一个DocumentBuilderFactory的对象 DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); //创建DocumentBuilder的对象 DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); //通过DocumentBuilder对象的parse方法加载books.xml文件到当前项目下 Document document=db.parse("books.xml"); //获取所有book节点的集合 NodeList bookList=document.getElementsByTagName("book"); //通过NodeList的getLength()方法可以获取bookList的长度 System.out.println("一共有"+bookList.getLength()+"本书"); //遍历每个book节点 for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getLength(); i++) { System.out.println("下面开始遍历第"+(i+1)+"本书的内容"); //通过item(i)方法获取一个book节点,nodeList的索引值0开始 Node book=bookList.item(i); //获取book节点的所有属性集合 NamedNodeMap attrs=book.getAttributes(); System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"本书共有"+attrs.getLength()+"个属性"); //遍历book的属性 for (int j = 0; j <attrs.getLength(); j++) { //通过item(index)方法获取book节点的某一个属性 Node attr=attrs.item(j); //获取属性名 System.out.println("属性名:"+attr.getNodeName()); //获取属性值 System.out.println("属性值:"+attr.getNodeValue()); } //前提:已经知道book节点有且只能有1个id属性 // //将book节点进行强制类型转换,转换成Element类型 // Element book = (Element) bookList.item(i); // //通过getAttribute("id")方法获取属性值 // String attrValue = book.getAttribute("id"); // System.out.println("id属性的属性值为" + attrValue); //解析book节点的子节点 NodeList childNodes=book.getChildNodes(); //遍历childNodes获取每个节点的节点名和节点值 System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"本书共有"+childNodes.getLength()+"个子节点"); for (int k = 0; k < args.length; k++) { //区分出text类型的node以及element类型的node if (childNodes.item(k).getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { //获取了element类型节点的节点名 System.out.println("第"+(k+1)+"个节点的节点名:"+childNodes.item(k).getNodeName()); //获取了element类型节点的节点值 System.out.println("节点值是:"+childNodes.item(k).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } } System.out.println("===============结束遍历第"+(i+1)+"本书的内容======================="); } } }
运行结果为:
应用 SAX 方式解析 XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <bookstore> <book id="1"> <name>冰与火之歌</name> <author>乔治马丁</author> <year>2014</year> <price>89</price> </book> <book id="2"> <name>安徒生童话</name> <year>2004</year> <price>77</price> <language>English</language> </book> </bookstore>
book.java
package com.imooc.entity; public class Book { private String id; private String name; private String author; private String year; private String price; private String language; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public String getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(String price) { this.price = price; } public String getLanguage() { return language; } public void setLanguage(String language) { this.language = language; } }
SAXParserHandler.java
package com.imooc.handler; import java.util.ArrayList; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; import com.imooc.entity.Book; public class SAXParserHandler extends DefaultHandler{ Book book=null; String value=null; private ArrayList<Book> bookList=new ArrayList<Book>(); public ArrayList<Book> getBookList(){ return bookList; } /*用来标识解析开始*/ @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.startDocument(); System.out.println("SAX解析开始"); } /*用来标识解析结束*/ @Override public void endDocument() throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.endDocument(); System.out.println("SAX解析结束"); } /*开始解析XML元素*/ @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { //调用DefaultHandler类的startElement方法 super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes); if (qName.equals("book")) { //创建一个book对象 book=new Book(); //开始解析book元素的属性 System.out.println("============开始遍历某一本书的内容=============="); //已知book元素下属性的名称,根据属性名称获取属性值 value=attributes.getValue("id"); System.out.println("book的属性值是:"+value); //不知道book元素下属的名称以及个数,如何获取属性名以及属性值 int num=attributes.getLength(); for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { System.out.println("book元素的第"+(i+1)+"个属性名是"+attributes.getQName(i)); System.out.println("---属性值是:"+attributes.getValue(i)); if (attributes.getQName(i).equals("id")) { book.setId(attributes.getValue(i)); } } }else if (!qName.equals("name") && !qName.equals("bookstore")) { System.out.println("节点名是:"+qName+"----"); } } /*结束解析XML元素*/ @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { //调用DefaultHandler类的endElement方法 super.endElement(uri, localName, qName); //判断是否针对一本书已经遍历结束 if (qName.equals("book")) { bookList.add(book); book=null; System.out.println("==========结束遍历某一本书的内容============"); }else if (qName.equals("name")) { book.setName(value); }else if (qName.equals("author")) { book.setAuthor(value); }else if (qName.equals("year")) { book.setYear(value); }else if (qName.equals("price")) { book.setPrice(value); }else if (qName.equals("language")) { book.setLanguage(value); } } @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.characters(ch, start, length); value=new String(ch, start, length); if (!value.trim().equals("")) { System.out.println("节点值是:"+value); } } }
SAXTest.java
package com.imooc.test; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import com.imooc.entity.Book; import com.imooc.handler.SAXParserHandler; public class SAXTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 获取一个SAXTransformerFactory的实例 SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); // 通过factory获取SAXParser实例 SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser(); // 创建SAXParserHandler对象 SAXParserHandler handler = new SAXParserHandler(); parser.parse("books.xml", handler); System.out.println("!~!~共有" + handler.getBookList().size() + "本书"); for (Book book : handler.getBookList()) { System.out.println(book.getId()); System.out.println(book.getName()); System.out.println(book.getAuthor()); System.out.println(book.getYear()); System.out.println(book.getPrice()); System.out.println(book.getLanguage()); System.out.println("--------------finish--------------"); } } }
运行结果为:
SAX解析开始 ============开始遍历某一本书的内容============== book的属性值是:1 book元素的第1个属性名是id ---属性值是:1 节点值是:冰与火之歌 节点名是:author---- 节点值是:乔治马丁 节点名是:year---- 节点值是:2014 节点名是:price---- 节点值是:89 ==========结束遍历某一本书的内容============ ============开始遍历某一本书的内容============== book的属性值是:2 book元素的第1个属性名是id ---属性值是:2 节点值是:安徒生童话 节点名是:year---- 节点值是:2004 节点名是:price---- 节点值是:77 节点名是:language---- 节点值是:English ==========结束遍历某一本书的内容============ SAX解析结束 !~!~共有2本书 1 冰与火之歌 乔治马丁 2014 89 null --------------finish-------------- 2 安徒生童话 null 2004 77 English --------------finish--------------
应用DOM4J及JDOM方式解析XML
JDOM
- JDOM开始解析前的准备工作
第一步:创建java project文件(JDOMTest),创建java包(Package),测试(JDOMTest)
第二部:选择(创建java project文件(JDOMTest))右键——(Buildpath )——(AddExternalArchives)
第三部:选择(src)右键——new ——Folder——创建(res)文件——books.xml
- JDOM解析
books.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <bookstore> <book id="1"> <name>冰与火之歌</name> <author>乔治马丁</author> <year>2014</year> <price>89</price> </book> <book id="2"> <name>安徒生童话</name> <year>2004</year> <price>77</price> <language>English</language> </book> </bookstore>
book.java
package com.imooc.entity; public class Book { private String id; private String name; private String author; private String year; private String price; private String language; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public String getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(String price) { this.price = price; } public String getLanguage() { return language; } public void setLanguage(String language) { this.language = language; } }
JDOMTest.java
package com.imooc.jdomtest; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.jdom2.Attribute; import org.jdom2.Document; import org.jdom2.Element; import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder; import com.imooc.entity.Book; public class JDOMTest { private static ArrayList<Book> bookList=new ArrayList<Book>(); /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //进行对books.xml文件的JDOM解析 //1.创建一个SAXBuilder的对象 SAXBuilder saxBuilder=new SAXBuilder(); //2.创建一个输入流,将xml文件加载到输入流中 InputStream in=new FileInputStream("src/res/books.xml"); InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(in, "UTF-8"); //3.通过SAXBuilder的build方法,将输入流加载到saxBuilder中 Document document=saxBuilder.build(isr); //通过document对象获取xml文件的根节点 Element rooteElement=document.getRootElement(); //5.获取根节点下的子节点的booList集合 List<Element> booList=rooteElement.getChildren(); //继续进行解析 for (Element book : booList) { Book bookEntity=new Book(); System.out.println("=====开始解析第"+(bookList.indexOf(book)+1)+"书======"); //解析book的属性集合 List<Attribute> attrList=book.getAttributes(); // //知道节点下属性名称时,获取节点值 // book.getAttributeValue("id"); // 遍历attrList(针对不清楚book节点下属性的名字及数量) for (Attribute attr : attrList) { //获取属性名 String attrName=attr.getName(); //获取属性值 String attrValue=attr.getValue(); System.out.println("属性名:"+attrName+"----属性值:"+attrValue); if (attrName.equals("id")) { bookEntity.setId(attrValue); } } //对book节点的子节点的节点名以及节点值的遍历 List<Element> bookChilds=book.getChildren(); for (Element child : bookChilds) { System.out.println("节点名:"+child.getName()+"----节点值:"+child.getValue()); if (child.equals("name")) { bookEntity.setName(child.getValue()); }else if (child.equals("author")) { bookEntity.setAuthor(child.getValue()); } else if (child.equals("year")) { bookEntity.setYear(child.getValue()); }else if (child.equals("price")) { bookEntity.setPrice(child.getValue()); }else if (child.equals("language")) { bookEntity.setLanguage(child.getValue()); } } System.out.println("====结束解析第"+(bookList.indexOf(book)+1)+"书===="); bookList.add(bookEntity); bookEntity=null; System.out.println(bookList.size()); System.out.println(bookList.get(0).getId()); System.out.println(bookList.get(0).getName()); } } }
运行结果为:
DOM4J
books.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <bookstore> <book id="1"> <name>冰与火之歌</name> <author>乔治马丁</author> <year>2014</year> <price>89</price> </book> <book id="2"> <name>安徒生童话</name> <year>2004</year> <price>77</price> <language>English</language> </book> </bookstore>
book.java
package com.imooc.entity; public class Book { private String id; private String name; private String author; private String year; private String price; private String language; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public String getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(String price) { this.price = price; } public String getLanguage() { return language; } public void setLanguage(String language) { this.language = language; } }
DOM4JTest.java
package com.imooc.dom4Jtest; import java.io.File; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import org.dom4j.Attribute; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import com.imooc.entity.Book; public class DOM4JTest { private static ArrayList<Book> bookList=new ArrayList<Book>(); /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ // 解析books.xml文件 //创建SAXReader的对象reader SAXReader reader=new SAXReader(); //通过reader对象的read方法加载books.xml文件,获取document对象 Document document=reader.read(new File("src/res/books.xml")); //通过Element对象获取根节点bookstore Element bookStore=document.getRootElement(); //通过Element对象的elementIterator()方法获取迭代器 Iterator it=bookStore.elementIterator(); //遍历迭代器,获取根节点中的信息(书籍) while (it.hasNext()) { System.out.println("===========开始遍历某一本书==========="); Element book=(Element) it.next(); //获取book的属性名以及属性值 List<Attribute> bookAttrs=book.attributes(); for (Attribute attr : bookAttrs) { System.out.println("属性名:"+attr.getName()+"----属性值:"+attr.getValue()); } Iterator itt=book.elementIterator(); while (itt.hasNext()) { Element bookChild=(Element) itt.next(); System.out.println("节点名:"+bookChild.getName()+"节点值:"+bookChild.getStringValue()); } System.out.println("===========结束遍历某一本书==========="); } } }
运行结果为:
四种XML解析方式大PK
- 四种解析方式的 分析
- 1.DOM4J
- SAX
- JDOM
- DOM
选择DOM还是SAX???
DOM
——优点:
- 形成了树结构,直观好理解,代码更容易编写
- 解析过程中结构保留在内存中,方便修改
——缺点:
- 当xml文件较大时,对内存耗费比较大,容易影响解析性能并造成内存溢出
SAX
——优点:
- 采用事件驱动模式,对内存耗费比较小
- 使用于只需要处理xml中数据时
——缺点:
- 不易编码
- 很难同时访问同一个xml中的多处不同数据
JDOM与DOM、DOM4J
JDOM
- 仅使用具体类而不使用接口
- API大量使用了Collections类
JDOM 4J
- JDOM 的一种智能分支,它合并了许多超出基本XML文档表示的功能
- DOM4J使用接口和抽象基本类方法,是一个优秀的Java XML API
- 具有性能优异、灵活性好、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点
- 是一个开源代码的软件
- 四种解析方式解析速度分析
JUnit4创建布局:
Book.java
package com.imooc.entity; public class Book { private String id; private String name; private String author; private String year; private String price; private String language; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public String getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(String price) { this.price = price; } public String getLanguage() { return language; } public void setLanguage(String language) { this.language = language; } }
SAXParseHandler.java
package com.imooc.handler; import java.util.ArrayList; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; import com.imooc.entity.Book; public class SAXParseHandler extends DefaultHandler{ String value=null; Book book=null; private ArrayList<Book> booklList=new ArrayList<Book>(); public ArrayList<Book> getBooklList() { return booklList; } /*用来标识解析开始*/ @Override public void startDocument() throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.startDocument(); } /*用来标识解析结束*/ @Override public void endDocument() throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.endDocument(); } /*解析XML元素*/ @Override public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes); if (qName.equals("book")) { book=new Book(); value=attributes.getValue("id"); int num=attributes.getLength(); for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { if (attributes.getQName(i).equals("id")) { book.setId(attributes.getValue(i)); } } } } @Override public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.endElement(uri, localName, qName); if (qName.equals("book")) { booklList.add(book); book=null; }else if (qName.equals("name")) { book.setName(value); }else if (qName.equals("name")) { book.setAuthor(value); }else if (qName.equals("name")) { book.setYear(value); }else if (qName.equals("name")) { book.setPrice(value); }else if (qName.equals(value)) { book.setLanguage(value); } } @Override public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.characters(ch, start, length); String temp=new String(ch, start, length); if (!temp.trim().equals("")) { value=temp; } } }
ParseTest.java
package com.parser.test; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import org.jdom2.Attribute; import org.jdom2.Element; import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder; import org.junit.Test; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import com.imooc.entity.Book; import com.imooc.handler.SAXParseHandler; public class ParseTest{ //DOM public void domXmlParser() throws Exception{ ArrayList<Book> bookLists=new ArrayList<Book>(); DocumentBuilderFactory dbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db=dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document=db.parse("books.xml"); NodeList bookList=document.getElementsByTagName("book"); for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getLength(); i++) { Node book=bookList.item(i); Book bookEntity=new Book(); NamedNodeMap attrs=book.getAttributes(); for (int j = 0; j < attrs.getLength(); j++) { Node attr=attrs.item(j); if (attr.getNodeName().equals("id")) { bookEntity.setId(attr.getNodeValue()); } } NodeList childNodes=book.getChildNodes(); for (int k = 0; k < childNodes.getLength(); k++) { if (childNodes.item(k).getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { String name=childNodes.item(k).getNodeName(); String value=childNodes.item(k).getNodeValue(); if (name.equals("name")) { bookEntity.setName(value); }else if (name.equals("author")) { bookEntity.setAuthor(value); }else if (name.equals("year")) { bookEntity.setYear(value); }else if (name.equals("price")) { bookEntity.setPrice(value); }else if (name.equals("language")) { bookEntity.setLanguage(value); } } } bookLists.add(bookEntity); bookEntity=null; } } //SAX public void saxXmlParser() throws Exception{ SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser parser=factory.newSAXParser(); SAXParseHandler handler=new SAXParseHandler(); parser.parse("books.xml", handler); } //JDOM public void jdomXmlParser() throws Exception{ ArrayList<Book> booksList=new ArrayList<Book>(); SAXBuilder saxBuilder=new SAXBuilder(); InputStream in=new FileInputStream("books.xml"); InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(in,"UTF-8"); org.jdom2.Document document=saxBuilder.build(isr); org.jdom2.Element rooteElement=document.getRootElement(); List<org.jdom2.Element> bookList=rooteElement.getChildren(); for (Element book : bookList) { Book bookEntity=new Book(); List<Attribute> attrList=book.getAttributes(); for (Attribute attr : attrList) { String attrName=attr.getName(); String attrValue=attr.getValue(); if (attrName.equals("id")) { bookEntity.setId(attrValue); } } List<org.jdom2.Element> bookChilds=book.getChildren(); for (org.jdom2.Element child : bookChilds) { if (child.getName().equals("name")) { bookEntity.setName(child.getValue()); }else if (child.getName().equals("author")) { bookEntity.setAuthor(child.getValue()); }else if (child.getName().equals("year")) { bookEntity.setYear(child.getValue()); }else if (child.getName().equals("price")) { bookEntity.setPrice(child.getValue()); }else if (child.getName().equals("language")) { bookEntity.setLanguage(child.getValue()); } } booksList.add(bookEntity); bookEntity=null; } } //DOM4J public void dom4jXmlParser() throws Exception{ ArrayList<Book> booksListss=new ArrayList<Book>(); SAXReader reader=new SAXReader(); org.dom4j.Document document=reader.read(new File("books.xml")); org.dom4j.Element bookStore=document.getRootElement(); List<org.dom4j.Element> bookEles=bookStore.elements(); for (org.dom4j.Element book : bookEles) { Book bookEntity=new Book(); List<org.dom4j.Attribute> bookAttrs=book.attributes(); for (org.dom4j.Attribute attr : bookAttrs) { if (attr.getName().equals("id")) { bookEntity.setId(attr.getValue()); } } List<org.dom4j.Element> bookss=book.elements(); for (org.dom4j.Element bookChild : bookss) { String name=bookChild.getName(); String value=bookChild.getStringValue(); if (name.equals("name")) { bookEntity.setName(value); }else if (name.equals("author")) { bookEntity.setAuthor(value); }else if (name.equals("year")) { bookEntity.setYear(value); }else if (name.equals("price")) { bookEntity.setPrice(value); }else if (name.equals("language")) { bookEntity.setLanguage(value); } } booksListss.add(bookEntity); bookEntity=null; } } @Test public void testPerformance() throws Exception{ System.out.println("性能测试:"); //测试DOM的性能 long start=System.currentTimeMillis(); domXmlParser(); System.out.println("DOM:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)); //测试SAX的性能 start=System.currentTimeMillis(); saxXmlParser(); System.out.println("SAX:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)); //测试JDOM的性能 start=System.currentTimeMillis(); jdomXmlParser(); System.out.println("JDOM:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)); //测试DOM4J start=System.currentTimeMillis(); dom4jXmlParser(); System.out.println("DOM4J:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)); } }
books.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <bookstore> <book id="1"> <name>冰与火之歌</name> <author>乔治马丁</author> <year>2014</year> <price>89</price> </book> <book id="2"> <name>安徒生童话</name> <year>2004</year> <price>77</price> <language>English</language> </book> </bookstore>
测试结果为: