Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

一、Android O上的Treble机制:

  在 Android O 中,系统启动时,会启动一个 CameraProvider 服务,它是从 cameraserver 进程中分离出来,作为一个独立进程 android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service 用来控制 camera HAL,cameraserver通过 HIDL 机制于camera provider进行通信。HIDL源自于 Android O 版本加入的 Treble 机制,它的主要功能是将 service 与 HAL 隔离,以方便 HAL 部分进行独立升级,类似于 APP 与 Framework 之间的 Binder 通信机制,通过引入一个进程间通信机制而针对不同层级进行解耦(从 Local call 变成了 Remote call)。如下图:

      Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

  

 cameraserver 与 provider 这两个进程启动、初始化的调用逻辑,如下图:

      Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

 

二、Camera HAL3的框架更新:

 1.Camera HAL3 构建连路的过程,如下图(红色虚线是上行路线,黑色虚线则是下行路线):

  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

 

  2.从 App 到 CameraService的调用流程

  从 Application 连接到 CameraService,这涉及到 Android 架构中的三个层次:App 层,Framework 层,Runtime 层。其中,App 层直接调用 Framework 层所封装的方法,而 Framework 层需要通过 Binder 远程调用 Runtime 中 CameraService 的函数。
  这一部分主要的函数调用逻辑如下图所示:
  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

 
  在 App 中,需要调用打开相机的API如下:

  • CameraCharacteristics:描述摄像头的各种特性,我们可以通过CameraManager的getCameraCharacteristics(@NonNull String cameraId)方法来获取。
  • CameraDevice:描述系统摄像头,类似于早期的Camera。
  • CameraCaptureSession:Session类,当需要拍照、预览等功能时,需要先创建该类的实例,然后通过该实例里的方法进行控制(例如:拍照 capture())。
  • CaptureRequest:描述了一次操作请求,拍照、预览等操作都需要先传入CaptureRequest参数,具体的参数控制也是通过CameraRequest的成员变量来设置。
  • CaptureResult:描述拍照完成后的结果。


  例如打开camera的java代码:

 mCameraManager.openCamera(currentCameraId, stateCallback, backgroundHandler);
  Camera2拍照流程如下所示:
  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

  

 (1)Framework CameraManager :/frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/camera2/CameraManager.java

  最初的入口就是 CameraManager 的 openCamera 方法,但通过代码可以看到,它仅仅是调用了 openCameraForUid 方法。

@RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
public void openCamera(@NonNull String cameraId,
        @NonNull final CameraDevice.StateCallback callback, @Nullable Handler handler)
        throws CameraAccessException {

    openCameraForUid(cameraId, callback, handler, USE_CALLING_UID);
}

  下面的代码忽略掉了一些参数检查相关操作,最终主要调用了 openCameraDeviceUserAsync 方法。

public void openCameraForUid(@NonNull String cameraId,
        @NonNull final CameraDevice.StateCallback callback, @Nullable Handler handler,
        int clientUid)
        throws CameraAccessException {
    /* Do something in*/
    ......
    /* Do something out*/
    openCameraDeviceUserAsync(cameraId, callback, handler, clientUid);
}

  参考如下注释分析:

private CameraDevice openCameraDeviceUserAsync(String cameraId,
        CameraDevice.StateCallback callback, Handler handler, final int uid)
        throws CameraAccessException {
    CameraCharacteristics characteristics = getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
    CameraDevice device = null;

    synchronized (mLock) {

        ICameraDeviceUser cameraUser = null;

        android.hardware.camera2.impl.CameraDeviceImpl deviceImpl =   //实例化一个 CameraDeviceImpl。构造时传入了 CameraDevice.StateCallback 以及 Handler。
                new android.hardware.camera2.impl.CameraDeviceImpl(  
                    cameraId,
                    callback,
                    handler,
                    characteristics,
                    mContext.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion);

        ICameraDeviceCallbacks callbacks = deviceImpl.getCallbacks(); //获取 CameraDeviceCallback 实例,这是提供给远端连接到 CameraDeviceImpl 的接口。

       try {
            if (supportsCamera2ApiLocked(cameraId)) {  //HAL3 中走的是这一部分逻辑,主要是从 CameraManagerGlobal 中获取 CameraService 的本地接口,通过它远端调用(采用 Binder 机制) connectDevice 方法连接到相机设备。
                                //注意返回的 cameraUser 实际上指向的是远端 CameraDeviceClient 的本地接口。
                // Use cameraservice‘s cameradeviceclient implementation for HAL3.2+ devices
                ICameraService cameraService = CameraManagerGlobal.get().getCameraService();
                if (cameraService == null) {
                    throw new ServiceSpecificException(
                        ICameraService.ERROR_DISCONNECTED,
                        "Camera service is currently unavailable");
                }
                cameraUser = cameraService.connectDevice(callbacks, cameraId,
                        mContext.getOpPackageName(), uid);
            } else {
                // Use legacy camera implementation for HAL1 devices
                int id;
                try {
                    id = Integer.parseInt(cameraId);
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected cameraId to be numeric, but it was: "
                            + cameraId);
                }

                Log.i(TAG, "Using legacy camera HAL.");
                cameraUser = CameraDeviceUserShim.connectBinderShim(callbacks, id);
            }
        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
            /* Do something in */
            ......
            /* Do something out */
        }

        // TODO: factor out callback to be non-nested, then move setter to constructor
        // For now, calling setRemoteDevice will fire initial
        // onOpened/onUnconfigured callbacks.
        // This function call may post onDisconnected and throw CAMERA_DISCONNECTED if
        // cameraUser dies during setup.
        deviceImpl.setRemoteDevice(cameraUser); //将 CameraDeviceClient 设置到 CameraDeviceImpl 中进行管理。
        device = deviceImpl;
    }

    return device;
}

 (2)CameraDeviceImpl : /frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/camera2/Impl/CameraDeviceImpl.java

  在继续向下分析打开相机流程之前,先简单看看调用到的 CameraDeviceImpl 中的setRemoteDevice 方法,主要是将获取到的远端设备保存起来:

/**
 * Set remote device, which triggers initial onOpened/onUnconfigured callbacks
 *
 * <p>This function may post onDisconnected and throw CAMERA_DISCONNECTED if remoteDevice dies
 * during setup.</p>
 *
 */
public void setRemoteDevice(ICameraDeviceUser remoteDevice) throws CameraAccessException {
    synchronized(mInterfaceLock) {
        // TODO: Move from decorator to direct binder-mediated exceptions
        // If setRemoteFailure already called, do nothing
        if (mInError) return;

        mRemoteDevice = new ICameraDeviceUserWrapper(remoteDevice); //通过 ICameraDeviceUserWrapper 给远端设备实例加上一层封装。

        IBinder remoteDeviceBinder = remoteDevice.asBinder(); //使用 Binder 机制的一些基本设置。
        // For legacy camera device, remoteDevice is in the same process, and
        // asBinder returns NULL.
        if (remoteDeviceBinder != null) {
            try {
                remoteDeviceBinder.linkToDeath(this, /*flag*/ 0); //如果这个binder消失,为标志信息注册一个接收器。
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                CameraDeviceImpl.this.mDeviceHandler.post(mCallOnDisconnected);

                throw new CameraAccessException(CameraAccessException.CAMERA_DISCONNECTED,
                        "The camera device has encountered a serious error");
            }
        }

        mDeviceHandler.post(mCallOnOpened); //需此处触发 onOpened 与 onUnconfigured 这两个回调,每个回调都是通过 mDeviceHandler 启用一个新线程来调用的。
        mDeviceHandler.post(mCallOnUnconfigured);
    }
}

 (3)Runtime:通过 Binder 机制,我们远端调用了 connectDevice 方法(在 C++ 中称为函数,但说成方法可能更顺口一些),这个方法实现在 CameraService 类中。

 (4)CameraService:/frameworks/av/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp

Status CameraService::connectDevice(
        const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& cameraCb,
        const String16& cameraId,
        const String16& clientPackageName,
        int clientUid,
        /*out*/
        sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceUser>* device) {

    ATRACE_CALL();
    Status ret = Status::ok();
    String8 id = String8(cameraId);
    sp<CameraDeviceClient> client = nullptr;

   //此处调用的 connectHelper 方法才真正实现了连接逻辑(HAL1 时最终也调用到这个方法)。需要注意的是,设定的模板类型是 ICameraDeviceCallbacks 以及 CameraDeviceClient。
    ret = connectHelper<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks,CameraDeviceClient>(cameraCb, id,
            CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_UNSPECIFIED, clientPackageName,
            clientUid, USE_CALLING_PID, API_2,
            /*legacyMode*/ false, /*shimUpdateOnly*/ false,
            /*out*/client);

    if(!ret.isOk()) {
        logRejected(id, getCallingPid(), String8(clientPackageName),
                ret.toString8());
        return ret;
    }

    *device = client; //client 指向的类型是 CameraDeviceClient,其实例则是最终的返回结果。
    return ret;
}

  connectHelper 内容较多,忽略掉我们还无需关注的地方分析:

template<class CALLBACK, class CLIENT>
Status CameraService::connectHelper(const sp<CALLBACK>& cameraCb, const String8& cameraId,
        int halVersion, const String16& clientPackageName, int clientUid, int clientPid,
        apiLevel effectiveApiLevel, bool legacyMode, bool shimUpdateOnly,
        /*out*/sp<CLIENT>& device) {
    binder::Status ret = binder::Status::ok();

    String8 clientName8(clientPackageName);

    /* Do something in */
    ......
    /* Do something out */

        sp<BasicClient> tmp = nullptr;
        //调用 makeClient 生成 CameraDeviceClient 实例。
        if(!(ret = makeClient(this, cameraCb, clientPackageName, cameraId, facing, clientPid,
                clientUid, getpid(), legacyMode, halVersion, deviceVersion, effectiveApiLevel,
                /*out*/&tmp)).isOk()) {
            return ret;
        }
        //初始化 CLIENT 实例。注意此处的模板类型 CLIENT 即是 CameraDeviceClient,传入的参数 mCameraProviderManager 则是与 HAL service 有关。 
        client = static_cast<CLIENT*>(tmp.get());

        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(client.get() == nullptr, "%s: CameraService in invalid state",
                __FUNCTION__);

        err = client->initialize(mCameraProviderManager);

    /* Do something in */
    ......
    /* Do something out */

    // Important: release the mutex here so the client can call back into the service from its
    // destructor (can be at the end of the call)
    device = client;
    return ret;
}    

  makeClient 主要是根据 API 版本以及 HAL 版本来选择生成具体的 Client 实例,Client 就沿着前面分析下来的路径返回到 CameraDeviceImpl 实例中,被保存到 mRemoteDevice。

Status CameraService::makeClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
        const sp<IInterface>& cameraCb, const String16& packageName, const String8& cameraId,
        int facing, int clientPid, uid_t clientUid, int servicePid, bool legacyMode,
        int halVersion, int deviceVersion, apiLevel effectiveApiLevel,
        /*out*/sp<BasicClient>* client) {

    if (halVersion < 0 || halVersion == deviceVersion) {
        // Default path: HAL version is unspecified by caller, create CameraClient
        // based on device version reported by the HAL.
        switch(deviceVersion) {
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0:
            /* Do something in */
            ......
            /* Do something out */
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_0:
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_1:
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_2:
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_3:
          case CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_4:
            if (effectiveApiLevel == API_1) { // Camera1 API route
                sp<ICameraClient> tmp = static_cast<ICameraClient*>(cameraCb.get());
                *client = new Camera2Client(cameraService, tmp, packageName, cameraIdToInt(cameraId),
                        facing, clientPid, clientUid, servicePid, legacyMode);
            } else { // Camera2 API route : 实例化了 CameraDeviceClient 类作为 Client(注意此处构造传入了 ICameraDeviceCallbacks,这是连接到 CameraDeviceImpl 的远端回调)
                sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks> tmp =
                        static_cast<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks*>(cameraCb.get());
                *client = new CameraDeviceClient(cameraService, tmp, packageName, cameraId,
                        facing, clientPid, clientUid, servicePid);
            }
            break;
          default:
            // Should not be reachable
            ALOGE("Unknown camera device HAL version: %d", deviceVersion);
            return STATUS_ERROR_FMT(ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION,
                    "Camera device \"%s\" has unknown HAL version %d",
                    cameraId.string(), deviceVersion);
        }
    } else {
        /* Do something in */
        ......
        /* Do something out */
    }
    return Status::ok();
}

  至此,打开相机流程中,从 App 到 CameraService 的调用逻辑基本上就算走完了。

  简图总结:

  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

  Ps:

  • CameraManagerGlobal 是真正的实现层,它与 JAVA 层的 CameraService 创建连接,从而创建相机的连路。
  • CameraDeviceImpl 相当于运行上下文,它取代了 Android N 之前的 JNI 层。

 3.从 CameraService 到 HAL Service

  由于 Android O 中加入了 Treble 机制,CameraServer 一端主体为 CameraService,它将会寻找现存的 Provider service,将其加入到内部的 CameraProviderManager 中进行管理,相关操作都是通过远端调用进行的。
  而 Provider service 一端的主体为 CameraProvider,它在初始化时就已经连接到 libhardware 的 Camera HAL 实现层,并以 CameraModule 来进行管理。
  进程的启动后,连路的 “载体” 就搭建完成了(需要注意,此时 QCamera3HWI 还未创建),可用下图简单表示:
  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

  

   而在打开相机时,该层的完整连路会被创建出来,主要调用逻辑如下图:

  Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

 

    上回讲到,在 CameraService::makeClient 中,实例化了一个 CameraDeviceClient。现在我们就从它的构造函数开始,继续探索打开相机的流程。
    这一部分主要活动在 Runtime 层,这里分成 CameraService 与 HAL Service 两侧来分析。


  (1)CameraDeviceClient :frameworks\av\services\camera\libcameraservice\api2\CameraDeviceClient.cpp

CameraDeviceClient::CameraDeviceClient(const sp<CameraService>& cameraService,
        const sp<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks>& remoteCallback,
        const String16& clientPackageName,
        const String8& cameraId,
        int cameraFacing,
        int clientPid,
        uid_t clientUid,
        int servicePid) :
    Camera2ClientBase(cameraService, remoteCallback, clientPackageName,
                cameraId, cameraFacing, clientPid, clientUid, servicePid),  //继承它的父类 Camera2ClientBase 
    mInputStream(),
    mStreamingRequestId(REQUEST_ID_NONE),
    mRequestIdCounter(0),
    mPrivilegedClient(false) {

    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("persist.camera.privapp.list", value, "");
    String16 packagelist(value);
    if (packagelist.contains(clientPackageName.string())) {
        mPrivilegedClient = true;
    }

    ATRACE_CALL();
    ALOGI("CameraDeviceClient %s: Opened", cameraId.string());
}

  CameraService 在创建 CameraDeviceClient 之后,会调用它的初始化函数:

//对外提供调用的初始化函数接口 initialize。
status_t CameraDeviceClient::initialize(sp<CameraProviderManager> manager) {
    return initializeImpl(manager);
}

//初始化的具体实现函数,模板 TProviderPtr 在此处即是 CameraProviderManager 类。
template<typename TProviderPtr>
//首先将父类初始化,注意此处传入了 CameraProviderManager。
status_t CameraDeviceClient::initializeImpl(TProviderPtr providerPtr) {
    ATRACE_CALL();
    status_t res;

    res = Camera2ClientBase::initialize(providerPtr);
    if (res != OK) {
        return res;
    }

    //这里是关于 FrameProcessor 的创建与初始化配置等等
    String8 threadName;
    mFrameProcessor = new FrameProcessorBase(mDevice);
    threadName = String8::format("CDU-%s-FrameProc", mCameraIdStr.string());
    mFrameProcessor->run(threadName.string());

    mFrameProcessor->registerListener(FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MIN_ID,
                                      FRAME_PROCESSOR_LISTENER_MAX_ID,
                                      /*listener*/this,
                                      /*sendPartials*/true);

    return OK;
}

 

Android : Camera2/HAL3 框架分析

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