K8S集群安装

一、 环境准备

1. 1 机器环境

非常重要必须看咯

1、节点CPU核数必须是 :>= 2核 /内存要求必须是:>=2G ,否则k8s无法启动

2、DNS网络: 最好设置为 本地网络连通的DNS,否则网络不通,无法下载一些镜像

3、兼容问题

docker 19 kubernetes1.19.x

docker 20 kubernetes 1.20.x

在k8s1.21.1之后 k8s的默认容器不是Docker是Containerd (需要的 可以找我拿公开课)

注意:使用docker版本v20.10.8、kubernetes v1.20.5、Go版本v1.13.15

节点hostname 作用 IP
kmaster kmaster 192.168.3.10
knode1 kwork1 192.168.3.11
knode2 kwork2 192.168.3.12

 

1.2 设置主机别名

 

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname kmaster --static
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname kworker1 --static
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname kworker2 --static

 

1.3 服务器静态IP配置

 

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
BOOTPROTO="static" #dhcp改为static 
ONBOOT="yes" #开机启用本配置
IPADDR=192.168.3.10 #静态IP 192.168.8.11/192.168.8.12
GATEWAY=192.168.3.1 #默认网关
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
DNS1=114.114.114.114 #DNS 配置
DNS2=8.8.8.8 #DNS 配置【必须配置,否则SDK镜像下载很慢】

## 重启所有服务器
[root@localhost ~] reboot 

 

1.4 查看主机名

## 看看别名是否生效
hostname

 

1.5 配置IP host映射关系

## 编辑/etc/hosts文件,配置映射关系
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.3.10 kmaster
192.168.3.11 kworker1
192.168.3.12 kworker2

 

1.6 安装依赖环境

注意:每一台机器都需要安装此依赖环境

yum install -y conntrack ntpdate ntp ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstatlibseccomp wget vim net-tools git iproute lrzsz bash-completion tree bridge-utils unzip bind-utils gcc

1.7 防火墙配置

安装iptables,启动iptables,设置开机自启,清空iptables规则,保存当前规则到默认规则

# 关闭防火墙(生产环境建议使用放行端口)
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
# 置空iptables (生产环境别执行)
yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save

 

1.8 关闭selinux[必须操作]

因为在K8S集群安装的时候需要执行脚本,如果Selinux没有关闭它会阻止执行。

 

# 关闭swap分区【虚拟内存】并且永久关闭虚拟内存
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
# 关闭selinux
setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

 

二、系统设置调整

2.1 调整内核参数

cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF

#将优化内核文件拷贝到/etc/sysctl.d/文件夹下,这样优化文件开机的时候能够被调用
cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
#手动刷新,让优化文件立即生效
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

2.2 调整系统临时区

#设置系统时区为中国/上海
timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai"
#将当前的UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
#重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart rsyslog
systemctl restart crond

2.3 关闭系统不需要的服务(生产环境别玩)

systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix

2.4 设置日志保存方式

2.4.1 创建保存日志的目录

mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d

2.4.3 创建配置文件

cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF
[Journal]
Storage=persistent
Compress=yes
SyncIntervalSec=5m
RateLimitInterval=30s
RateLimitBurst=1000
SystemMaxUse=10G
SystemMaxFileSize=200M
MaxRetentionSec=2week
ForwardToSyslog=no
EOF

2.4.4 重启systemd journald 的配置

systemctl restart systemd-journald

2.4.5 打开文件数调整(可忽略,不执行)

echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

2.4.6 kube-proxy 开启 ipvs 前置条件

modprobe br_netfilter
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
#使用lsmod命令查看这些文件是否被引导
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
=========================执行结果================================
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 147456  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack_ipv4      20480  0
nf_defrag_ipv4         16384  1 nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_conntrack          114688  2 ip_vs,nf_conntrack_ipv4
libcrc32c              16384  2 xfs,ip_vs

三、Docker部署

3.1 安装docker

# 安装依赖
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
#紧接着配置一个稳定的仓库、仓库配置会保存到/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo文件中
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#更新Yum安装的相关Docker软件包&安装Docker CE(这里安装Docker最新版本)
yum update -y && yum install docker-ce

3.2 设置docker daemon文件

#创建/etc/docker目录
mkdir /etc/docker
#更新daemon.json文件
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://ebkn7ykm.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
        "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
        "http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
    ],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
#注意:一定注意编码问题,出现错误---查看命令:journalctl -amu docker 即可发现错误
#创建,存储docker配置文件
# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

3.3 重启docker服务

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker

四、kubeadm安装K8S

4.1 yum仓库镜像

国内镜像配置(国内建议配置)
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

官网镜像配置

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

 

4.2 安装kubeadm 、kubelet、kubectl(1.20.5)

# 指定版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.5 kubeadm-1.20.5 kubectl-1.20.5 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

 

注意:以上操作所有机器都必须安装

五、准备k8s镜像

5.1 修改配置文件

[root@master ~]$ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-init.yaml

该文件有两处需要修改:

  • advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4修改为本机地址,比如使用192.168.3.191作为master,就修改advertiseAddress: 192.168.3.191
  • imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io修改为imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
  • 修改完毕后文件如下:
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.3.191 # 本机IP
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: k8s-master
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #镜像仓库
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.1
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 # 新增Pod子网络
scheduler: {}

5.2 根据配置文件拉取镜像

[root@kmaster ~]$ kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-init.yaml

六、K8S的Master部署

6.1 执行初始化

[root@master ~]$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-init.yaml

6.2 验证是否成功

## 如果在执行完成后出现下面的语句 代表成功 并记录下加入worker节点的命令
kubeadm join 192.168.3.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:13aff92657d0f3451ac68e3200ebc3c1c6ea6980b1de700ba257ad1538e0ce3

6.3 查看Master节点网络状态

## 配置kubectl执行命令环境
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

## 执行kubectl命令查看机器节点
kubectl get node
-----------------------------------------
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master   NotReady   master   48m   v1.20.1

## 发现节点STATUS是NotReady的,是因为没有配置网络

 

6.4 配置网络


使用以下命令安装Calico网络
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml

## 编辑calico.yaml
## 修改calico.yaml文件设置指定的网卡
# Cluster type to identify the deployment type
- name: CLUSTER_TYPE
value: "k8s,bgp"
# IP automatic detection
- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
value: "interface=en.*"
# Auto-detect the BGP IP address.
- name: IP
value: "autodetect"
# Enable IPIP
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP
value: "Never"
## 构建calico网络
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

此时查看node信息, master的状态已经是Ready了.

[root@master ~]$ kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master   Ready   master   48m      v1.20.5

看到STATUS是Ready的,说明网络已经通了。

七、追加Node节点

## 到其他几个node节点进行执行即可
kubeadm join 192.168.3.10:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:37eb59b3459a1651222a98e35d057cfd102e8ae311c5fc9bb4be22cd46a59c29

 

八、验证状态

[root@kmaster ~]# kubectl get node
NAME      STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
kmaster   Ready    control-plane,master   26m     v1.20.5
kworker1    Ready    <none>                 5m37s   v1.20.5
kworker2    Ready    <none>                 5m28s   v1.20.5

[root@kmaster ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
## 如果看到下面的pod状态都是Running状态,说明K8S集群环境就构建完成

 

安装 Kubernetes Dashboard

下载Dashboard

安装

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.4.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

创建dashboard-admin.yaml

cat > dashboard-admin.yaml << EOF
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: admin
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
EOF

 

创建登录用户

kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin.yaml

查看admin-user账户的token

kubectl -n kube-system get secret|grep admin-token

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret admin-token-w94tz

## 直接获取token
kubectl -n kube-system get secret admin-token-w94tz -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d

 

火狐浏览器直接访问,输入token即可正常访问

https://192.168.3.251:31443/
解决谷歌无法验证证书问题
openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048
# 172.16.64.229为master节点的IP地址
openssl req -new -out dashboard.csr -key dashboard.key -subj '/CN=172.16.64.229'
openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt

kubectl delete secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=dashboard.key --from-file=dashboard.crt -n kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl delete po kubernetes-dashboard-b65488c4-rcdjh -n kubernetes-dashboard
## 批量删除
kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep -v NAME | awk '{print "kubectl delete po " $1 " -n kubernetes-dashboard"}' | sh

 

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.5/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

所以我们找到配置文件:https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/tree/master/aio/deploy

 

附录

kubectl delete node --all # 删除所有的节点
kubeadm reset -f # 重置kubeadm
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd
yum remove kube*

 

 
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