Python操作Excel——win32com模块和xlrd+xlwt+xlutils组合

今天,接到一个任务,要生成大约两百个excel文件,从2006年到2013年,每个月两个文件,这些文件中除了几个关于日期的单元格不同外,其他数据都相同,所以就想到可以用python写一个小脚本,自动生成文件。

从网上查找到python中操作Excel文件主要有两个模块,分别为win32com模块和xlrd+xlwt+xlutils组合

win32com模块很强大,但是读取文件的速度稍慢,而且只能在ms系统运行。

xlrd+xlwt+xlutils组合,xlrd只能读取excel文件,xlwt只能修改文件,xlutils可以复制excel文件,但要借助xlrd和xlwt才能运行,所以一般都是这三个模块结合起来使用(感觉好麻烦,要下载三个模块)。这个组合读取文件的速度很快,不过对于样式的把控不太好,复制的文件与原文件的样式有点区别,如果对样式的要求不高可以使用。

由于xlrd+xlwt+xlutils组合对样式的把控不会,所以最后我是用win32com模块成功实现脚本的。如果是ms系统,也推荐大家用win32com模块。

win32com的辅助类easyExcel:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from win32com.client import Dispatch
import win32com.client
class easyExcel:
"""A utility to make it easier to get at Excel. Remembering
to save the data is your problem, as is error handling.
Operates on one workbook at a time."""
def __init__(self, filename=None):
self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
if filename:
self.filename = filename
self.xlBook = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(filename)
else:
self.xlBook = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Add()
self.filename = ''
def save(self, newfilename=None):
if newfilename:
self.filename = newfilename
self.xlBook.SaveAs(newfilename)
else:
self.xlBook.Save()
def close(self):
self.xlBook.Close(SaveChanges=0)
del self.xlApp
def getCell(self, sheet, row, col):
"Get value of one cell"
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
return sht.Cells(row, col).Value
def setCell(self, sheet, row, col, value):
"set value of one cell"
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Cells(row, col).Value = value
def getRange(self, sheet, row1, col1, row2, col2):
"return a 2d array (i.e. tuple of tuples)"
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
return sht.Range(sht.Cells(row1, col1), sht.Cells(row2, col2)).Value
def addPicture(self, sheet, pictureName, Left, Top, Width, Height):
"Insert a picture in sheet"
sht = self.xlBook.Worksheets(sheet)
sht.Shapes.AddPicture(pictureName, 1, 1, Left, Top, Width, Height)
def cpSheet(self, before):
"copy sheet"
shts = self.xlBook.Worksheets
shts(1).Copy(None,shts(1))

类的使用例子

myExcel=easyExcel("E:\python\sb.xls") #实例化一个easyExcel类 
myExcel.setCell(1,12,6,"hello") #修改单元格内容,第一个参数是sheet的编号,第二个为行数,第三个为列数,(全部都以1开始,下面的xlrd那几个模块都以0开始的),最后是要修改的内容
a=myExcel.getCell(1,12,6) #获取单元格内容 myExcel.save("E:\python\sb1winD.xls") #保存文件,如果路径与打开时相同,即保存文件,如果不同即新建文件
myExcel.close() #其他api可以参考easyExcel类

我的脚本的实现代码:

#encoding=utf-8

import easyExcel
from time import sleep
myExcel=easyExcel.easyExcel("E:\python\sb2.xls") def getLastDay(year,month):
if month in [1,3,5,7,8,10,12]:
return ""
elif month==2:
if year in ["",""]: return ""
else: return ""
else:
return "" for i in range(2006,2014):
for j in range(1,13):
#if 1:
# i=2006
# j=2
getDateText="所得期间: %s年 %s月"%(i,j)
lastDay=getLastDay(i,j)
writeDateText="填表日期: %s年 %s月 %s日 "%(i,j,lastDay)
getDateText=getDateText.decode("utf-8")
writeDateText=writeDateText.decode("utf-8")
dateStar="%s-%s-1"%(i,j)
dateEnd="%s-%s-%s"%(i,j,lastDay) myExcel.setCell(1,4,1,writeDateText)
myExcel.setCell(1,4,12,getDateText)
myExcel.setCell(1,12,6,dateStar)
myExcel.setCell(1,12,7,dateEnd) myExcel.save("E:\python\sb2\SB009-2--%s-%s.xls"%(i,j))
print "Save ",i,j #wFile.save("sb1%s-%s.xls"%(i,j)) myExcel.close()
print "DONE"

xlrd+xlwt+xlutils 教程

xlrd

1.打开文件(不能用中文文件名,只能打开xls文件)

r_file =xlrd.open_workbook("demo1.xls")

2.获取工作表

sheet0=r_file.sheets()[0]#通过索引顺序获取

sheet0 = r_file.sheet_by_index(0) #通过索引顺序获取

sheet0 = r_file.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1') #通过名称获取

3.读取行和列

sheet0.row_values(0) #读取第一行

sheet0.col_values(0) #读取第一列

4.获取行数和列数

nrows = sheet0.nrows #获取行数

ncols = sheet0.ncols #获取列数

5.读取单元格

cell_A1 = sheet0.cell(0,0).value

cell_A1 = sheet0.row(0)[0].value

cell_B4 = sheet0.cell(3,1).value

xlwt

1.新建一个excel文件 file = xlwt.Workbook()

2. 新建一个sheet sheet0= file.add_sheet('sheet name')

3.写入数据

table.write(行,列,value) sheet0.write(0,0,‘第一行,第一列(A1)'.decode('utf-8'))

sheet0.write(3,1,‘第四行,第二列(B4)'.decode('utf-8')) 保存文件 File.save('demo.xls')

4.xlwt样式

修改字体

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # 初始化样式
font = xlwt.Font() #为样式创建字体
font.name = 'Times New Roman'
font.bold = True
style.font = font #为样式设置字体
table.write(0, 1, 'some bold Times text', style) # 使用样式

更多样式的说明可以参考: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5357c0af01019gjo.html

xlutils

复制excel对象

wb = copy(r_file)

获取工作表

sheet0=wb.get_sheet(0)

保存

wb.save('demo.xls')

copy有一个缺点,就是copy后会把样式格式化,我们可以写一个copy2,来让copy后的文件保留原有的样式

def copy2(r_file):
'''
附带样式的copy
  xlrd打开文件,必须加参数formatting_info=True
'''
w = XLWTWriter()
process(
XLRDReader(r_file,'unknown.xls'),
w
)
r_sheets=r_file.sheets()
w_file, style_list = w.output[0][1], w.style_list
for index,r_sheets in enumerate(r_sheets):
w_sheet = w_file.get_sheet(index)
rows = r_sheets.nrows #获取行数
cols = r_sheets.ncols #获取列数
for row in range(rows):
for col in range(cols):
xf_index = r_sheets.cell_xf_index(row, col)
value=r_sheets.cell(row,col).value
w_sheet.write(row, col, value, style_list[xf_index]) return w_file,style_list

画边框的函数

def draw_border(r_sheet, w_sheet, left_top, right_bottom, style_list, border_type_index=5, border_color=0x40):
'''
@r_sheet:workbook 读取的sheet
@w_sheet:workbook 写入的sheet
@left_top:tuple 边框的左上角的坐标,如 (0,1)
@right_bottom:tuple 边框的右下角的坐标,如 (10,5)
@style_list : 读取的sheet的样式列表,通过copy2方法获取
@border_type_index:int 边框的样式的下标
@border_color:int 边框的颜色
return 1
'''
import xlwt border_types = ['NO_LINE', 'THIN', 'MEDIUM', 'DASHED', 'DOTTED', 'THICK', 'DOUBLE']
border_type = border_types[border_type_index % len(border_types)]
border_type = getattr(xlwt.Borders, border_type) def _get_border(type, color, top=0, right=0, bottom=0, left=0):
border = xlwt.Borders()
for direct in ('top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'):
if locals().get(direct):
setattr(border, direct, type)
setattr(border, direct + '_colour', color)
return border def _draw_boder(row, col, border):
try:
style_index = r_sheet.cell_xf_index(row, col)
style = style_list[style_index]
value = r_sheet.cell(row, col).value
except:
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
value = ''
style.borders = border w_sheet.write(row, col, value, style) if left_top > right_bottom:
left_top, right_bottom = right_bottom, left_top
left, top, right, bottom = left_top + right_bottom
for row in range(top, bottom + 1):
for col in range(left, right + 1):
left_ = 1 if col == left else 0
top_ = 1 if row == top else 0
right_ = 1 if col == right else 0
bottom_ = 1 if row == bottom else 0
border = _get_border(border_type, border_color, top_, right_, bottom_, left_)
_draw_boder(row, col, border)
return 1

调用方法

import xlrd
r_file= xlrd.open_workbook('service_base.xls', formatting_info=True)
r_sheet=r_file.sheets()[0]
w_file,style_list =copy2(r_file)
w_sheet=w_file.get_sheet(0)
draw_border(r_sheet,w_sheet,(5,5),(0,0),style_list) w_file.save('service_base1.xls')

以下是xlrd+xlwt+xlutils组合的代码:

#encoding=utf-8
import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy def getLastDay(year,month):
if month in ["","","","","","",""]:
return ""
elif month=="":
if year in ["",""]: return ""
else: return ""
else:
return "" rFile =xlrd.open_workbook("sb1.xls")
#for i in range(2006,2014):
# for j in range(1,13):
if 1:
i=2006
j=2
dateText="所得期间: %s年 %s月"%(i,j)
dateText=dateText.decode("utf-8")
dateStar="%s-%s-1"%(i,j)
dateEnd="%s-%s-%s"%(i,j,getLastDay(i,j)) wFile=copy(rFile)
sheet1=wFile.get_sheet(0)
sheet1.write(3,11,dateText)
sheet1.write(11,5,dateStar)
sheet1.write(11,6,dateEnd)
#wFile.save("sb1.xls") wFile.save("sb1%s-%s.xls"%(i,j))

在保存xls文件时,报错:'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe6 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

解决方法是write的内容都decode一下

sheet1.write(4+i,j+1,'你好'.decode('utf-8'))

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