phpspreadsheet 读取 Excel 表格问题

要读取大量数据,需要 ReadFilter,指定读取范围,下面是我的 ReadFilter 类

<?php

namespace common\models;

class MyExcelReadFilter implements \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\IReadFilter
{
    private $startRowNo;    //  如 1
    private $endRowNo;      //  如 1000
    private $startColNo;    //  如 1
    private $endColNo;      //  如 50

    public function __construct($startRowNo= 1, $endRowNo = 1000, $startColNo = 1, $endColNo = 50)
    {
        $this->startRowNo = $startRowNo;
        $this->endRowNo = $endRowNo;
        $this->startColNo = $startColNo;
        $this->endColNo = $endColNo;
    }

    public function setRows($startRowNo, $rowCount)
    {
        $this->startRowNo = $startRowNo;
        $this->endRowNo = $startRowNo + $rowCount - 1;
    }

    public function setColumns($startColNo, $columnCount)
    {
        $this->startColNo = $startColNo;
        $this->endColNo = $startColNo + $columnCount - 1;
    }

    public function setColumnsByLetter($startColLetter, $endColLetter)
    {
        $this->startColNo = self::calcColNo($startColLetter);
        $this->endColNo = self::calcColNo($endColLetter);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function readCell($column, $row, $worksheetName = '')
    {
        $colNo = self::calcColNo($column);
        if ($row >= $this->startRowNo && $row <= $this->endRowNo &&
            $colNo >= $this->startColNo && $colNo <= $this->endColNo) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @param $colLetter string Excel表格中的列号,例如  'A'、'Z'、'AA'、'AZ'
     * @return float|int  返回整数列号,从 1 开始,即 'A' 列 对应 1 列
     */
    public static function calcColNo(string $colLetter)
    {
        $len = strlen($colLetter);
        $colNo = 0; $weight = 1;
        for ($i = $len-1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
            $colNo += (ord($colLetter[$i]) - ord('A') + 1) * $weight;
            $weight *= 26;
        }
        return $colNo;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $colNo  整数列号,从 1 开始
     * @return string  返回 Excel表格形式的列号,例如  'A'、'Z'、'AA'、'AZ',1列 对应 'A'列
     */
    public static function calcColLetter(int $colNo)
    {
        $letters = range('A', 'Z');  // $letters[0] = 'A', $letters[25] = 'Z'
        $colLetter = ''; $base = 26;
        do {
            --$colNo;  // 改成基于下标 0
            $r = $colNo % $base;
            $colLetter = $letters[$r] . $colLetter;
            $colNo = intval($colNo/$base);  // 必须强制取整
        } while ($colNo > 0);
        return $colLetter;
    }

}

参考 (34条消息) 使用phpspreadsheet导出数据时内存溢出处理_x554462的博客-CSDN博客_phpspreadsheet内存溢出xphpspreadsheet 读取 Excel 表格问题https://blog.csdn.net/x554462/article/details/89102800写了 FileCache 类 (经过测试发现 FileCache 可以一定程度避免内存溢出,但读取速度比较慢)

<?php

namespace common\models;

use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Exception;

class MyExcelFileCache implements \Psr\SimpleCache\CacheInterface
{
    const CACHE_LINES = 3000;

    private $cacheKeyDict = [];     // 键字典
    private $cache = [];        // 一次性读取的数据装入该缓存,避免短期重复打开文件
    private $fileHandleDict = [];  // 文件指针字典
    private $cacheDir;          // 存放文件 cache 的目录
    private $filePrefix;        // 唯一性前缀保证文件名唯一性

    /**
     * 递归删除缓存目录
     * @param $path string
     */
    private function delCacheDir(string $path)
    {
        if (is_dir($path)) {  // 确保 $path 是目录
            foreach (scandir($path) as $f) {  // 扫描该目录下每个 目录或文件
                if (is_dir($path . $f)) {  // 是子目录
                    if ($f != '.' && $f != '..') {
                        $this->delCacheDir($path . $f . '/');  // 递归删除子目录内部
                        @rmdir($path. $f . '/');  // 删除子目录本身
                    }
                } else {  // 是文件
                    @unlink($path. $f);  // 删除文件
                }

            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param $key string
     * @return string  根据 key 生成文件名
     */
    private function getFilenameByKey($key)
    {
        $a = explode('.', $key);
        $end = array_pop($a);
        $dir = $this->cacheDir . implode('_', $a);
        if (!is_dir($dir)) {
            mkdir($dir, 0777, true);
        }
        $line = '';
        $len = strlen($end);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
            if (is_numeric($end[$i]))   $line.= $end[$i];
        }
        $suf = intval(round($line / self::CACHE_LINES));
        return $dir . '/' . $this->filePrefix . $suf;
    }

    /**
     * 根据键换算出文件名,然后到字典中查询文件指针
     * @param $key string
     * @return mixed|resource  文件指针
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private function getFileHandleByKey(string $key)
    {
        $filename = $this->getFilenameByKey($key);
        if (!array_key_exists($filename, $this->fileHandleDict)) {  // 字典中没有对应文件指针
            $fp = fopen($filename, 'w+');   // 新建文件
            if (!$fp) {
                throw new Exception('生成缓存文件失败(MyExcelFileCache)');
            }
            $this->fileHandleDict[$filename] = $fp;  // 向字典添加新建的指针
        }
        return $this->fileHandleDict[$filename];  // 返回字典中的指针
    }

    private function removeKeyPrefix($key)
    {
        return preg_replace('/^phpspreadsheet\./', '', $key); // 移除前缀 phpspreadsheet.
    }

    public function __construct($cacheDir)
    {
        $this->cacheDir = rtrim($cacheDir, '/') . '/';
        $this->filePrefix = uniqid();
    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->clear();
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function get($key, $default = null)
    {
        $key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
        if ($this->has($key)) {                 // 文件缓存的键字典中有该键 (即缓存过的)
            $seek = $this->cacheKeyDict[$key];  // 取出在文件缓存中的定位信息
            if (array_key_exists($key, $this->cache) && $this->cache[$key]['seek'] == $seek) {  // cache数组中是否已经提取过
                return $this->cache[$key]['data'];  // 已经提取过,直接返回
            }
            $fp = $this->getFileHandleByKey($key);    // 到文件指针字典中查询出文件指针
            $this->cache = [];
            fseek($fp, 0);          // 定位到文件开头
            while (!feof($fp)) {
                $data = fgets($fp);  // 读取一行
                $data = json_decode(trim($data), 1);  // 解码成关联数组
                if ($data['key'] == $key && $data['seek'] == $seek) {  // 该行对应这次查询的键,保存到 $default
                    $default = unserialize($data['data']);
                }
                $this->cache[$data['key']] = [                  // 读取过程中,把所有行都缓存到 cache数组,避免短期反复打开该文件
                    'data' => unserialize($data['data']),
                    'seek' => $data['seek']
                ];
            }
        }
        return $default;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function set($key, $value, $ttl = null)
    {
        $key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
        if ($this->has($key) && $this->get($key) == $value) return true;   // 之前已经缓存过
        $fp = $this->getFileHandleByKey($key);      // 取出文件指针 (内容从未缓存或内容已经变更)
        fseek($fp, 0, SEEK_END);        // 定位到文件尾部
        $seek = ftell($fp);                         // 获得文件指针位置
        $this->cacheKeyDict[$key] = $seek;          // 在字典登记该键 (键对应键,值为数据在文件缓存中的起始位置)
        fwrite($fp, json_encode([
            'key' => $key,
            'data' => serialize($value),
            'seek' => $seek
        ]).PHP_EOL);        // 在文件缓存写入数据 (json编码的关联数组)
        unset($value);      // “释放”已经写入缓存的变量
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function delete($key)
    {
        $key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
        unset($this->cacheKeyDict[$key]);     // 从键字典释放该键
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function clear()
    {
        $this->cacheKeyDict = [];    // 键字典清空
        foreach ($this->fileHandleDict as $fileHandle) {   // 文件指针字典中所有文件关闭
            isset($fileHandle) && fclose($fileHandle);
        }
        $this->delCacheDir($this->cacheDir);   // 递归删除缓存目录
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function getMultiple($keys, $default = null)
    {
        $result = [];
        foreach ($keys as $key) $result[$key] = $this->get($key, $default);
        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function setMultiple($values, $ttl = null)
    {
        foreach ($values as $key => $value) {
            $this->set($key, $value);
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function deleteMultiple($keys)
    {
        foreach ($keys as $key)   $this->delete($key);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function has($key)
    {
        $key = $this->removeKeyPrefix($key);
        return array_key_exists($key, $this->cacheKeyDict);  // 缓存键字典中是否有该键
    }
}

然后是自己的 3种 读取方式的类(直接读取、trunk方式循环读取、带FileCache读取)。这个类不完全通用,因为是针对特定问题处理的。

<?php

namespace common\models;

use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Reader\Xlsx;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Settings;


class MyExcelUtility
{
    const CHUNK_SIZE = 1000;

    public static function excelDateToDate(int $nDate, $format = 'Y-m-d')
    {
        return date($format, ($nDate-25569) * 86400);  // Excel bug, 1900 年是闰年
    }

    public static function excelDateToUnixStamp(int $nDate)
    {
        return ($nDate-25569) * 86400;
    }

    /**
     * 获得第一个 sheet 总的行数和列数
     * @param $reader  Xlsx   IOFactory 创建的实例(根据后缀名创建不同类的实例)
     * @param $filePath string
     * @return array   ['totalRows' => .., 'totalColumns' => ...]
     */
    public static function getSheetInfo($reader, $filePath)
    {
        $info = $reader->listWorkSheetInfo($filePath);
        return ['totalRows' => intval($info[0]['totalRows']), 'totalColumns' => intval($info[0]['totalColumns'])];
    }

    public static function read($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx', $calcColNos = [3, 4])
    {
        $reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType);      // 创建指定类型的 reader
        $reader->setReadDataOnly(true);   // 非只读似乎有问题 Xlsx.php 884行 Illegal offset type 警告错误
        $filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter(1, $maxRowNo, 1, $maxColNo);
        $reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet);      // 设定读取范围
        $spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
        $result = [];
        for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
            for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
                if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
                    $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                        ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                        ->getCalculatedValue(); // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
                else
                    $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                        ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                        ->getValue();
            }
        }
        $spreadsheet->__destruct();
        $spreadsheet = null;
        unset($spreadsheet);   // 及时释放 $spreadsheet 对象有助于防止内存溢出
        $reader = null;
        unset($reader);
        return $result;
    }

    public static function readWithTrunk($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx',
                                         $calcColNos = [3, 4], $chunkSize = self::CHUNK_SIZE)
    {
        $result = [];
        for ($startRowNo = 1; $startRowNo <= $maxColNo; $startRowNo += $chunkSize) {
            $reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType);
            $reader->setReadDataOnly(true);
            $filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter();
            $reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet);
            $filterSubnet->setColumnsByLetter('A', 'AZ');
            $filterSubnet->setRows($startRowNo, $chunkSize);
            $spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
            for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
                for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
                    if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
                        $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                            ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                            ->getCalculatedValue();             // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
                    else
                        $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                            ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                            ->getValue();
                }
            }
            $spreadsheet->__destruct();
            $spreadsheet = null;
            unset($spreadsheet);   // 及时释放 $spreadsheet 对象有助于防止内存溢出
            $reader = null;
            unset($reader);
        }
        return $result;
    }

    public static function readWithFileCache($filePath, $maxRowNo, $maxColNo, $inputFileType = 'Xlsx',
                                             $calcColNos = [3, 4], $cacheDir = '/tmp/excel_cache')
    {
        Settings::setCache(new MyExcelFileCache($cacheDir));
        $reader = IOFactory::createReader($inputFileType);      // 创建指定类型的 reader
        $reader->setReadDataOnly(true);
        $filterSubnet = new MyExcelReadFilter(1, $maxRowNo, 1, $maxColNo);
        $reader->setReadFilter($filterSubnet);      // 设定读取范围
        $spreadsheet = $reader->load($filePath);
        $result = [];
        for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxRowNo; $rowNo++) {
            for ($colNo = 1; $colNo <= $maxColNo; $colNo++) {
                if (in_array($colNo, $calcColNos))
                    $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                        ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                        ->getCalculatedValue(); // 都当作计算单元格读取可能比较慢,所以这里对这些列单独处理
                else
                    $result[$rowNo][$colNo] = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)
                        ->getCell(MyExcelReadFilter::calcColLetter($colNo) . $rowNo)
                        ->getValue();
            }
        }
//        $spreadsheet->__destruct();   // 不注释这句会造成 能读取完,但出现段错误
//        $spreadsheet = null;
//        unset($spreadsheet);
//        $reader = null;
//        unset($reader);
        return $result;
    }

    public static function getHeaderRanger($result, $maxHeaderRows, $maxColNo)  // 表头不超过 $maxHeaderRows 行 $maxColNo 列
    {
        $lastColNo = $maxColNo; $longestRowNo = -1;
        while ($lastColNo >= 1) {
            for ($rowNo = 1; $rowNo <= $maxHeaderRows; $rowNo++) {
                if (!empty($result[$rowNo][$lastColNo])) {
                    $longestRowNo = $rowNo; break;
                }
            }
            if ($longestRowNo > 0) break;
            --$lastColNo;
        }
        return ['longestRowNo' => $longestRowNo, 'lastColNo' => $lastColNo];
    }
}

测试代码

public function actionXlsx1()
    {
        $xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
        $start = microtime(true);
        $result = MyExcelUtility::read($xlsxFile, 500, 50);
        $end = microtime(true);
        for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
            for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
                echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
            }
            echo PHP_EOL;
        }
        echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read\n";  // 1000段错误,无法得到结果  500 -> 29.4952
    }

    public function actionXlsx2()
    {
        $xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
        $start = microtime(true);
        $result = MyExcelUtility::readWithTrunk($xlsxFile, 1000, 50, 'Xlsx', [3,4], 400);
        $end = microtime(true);
        for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
            for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
                echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
            }
            echo PHP_EOL;
        }
        echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read with trunk\n";  // 1000/400->40.4761  1000/240->39.2139  1000/500->39.5506
    }

    public function actionXlsx3()
    {
        $xlsxFile = User::getFilePath('test1.xlsx', '', true, '@backend/runtime');
        $start = microtime(true);
        $result = MyExcelUtility::readWithFileCache($xlsxFile, 1000, 50);
        $end = microtime(true);
        for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {
            for ($j = 1; $j <= 20; $j++) {
                echo $result[$i][$j]."\t";
            }
            echo PHP_EOL;
        }
        echo number_format($end - $start, 10). " sec for read with file cache\n"; // 51.2165
    }

总结:

在3个readXxx函数中,如果没有 $reader->setReadDataOnly(true) ,即设置为只读,在 Xlsx.php 文件的 884行 会出现 Illegal offset type  信息的php警告错误

仔细核对了github上的代码,发现已经fix了,哈哈,就是 $comment['authorId'] 是一个对象,作为数组的键会出这个错误,github上已经前面加了 (int)强制类型转换了

对于带FileCache的读取函数,读取完成后不能使用 $spreadsheet->__destruct();  去释放内存,如果这么做,会出现段错误 (内存越界之类)。FileCache实例对象是被动被reader使用的,即读取前设置而已。

直接读取方式还是比较容易出现段错误的,我的例子中,虚拟机ubuntu18.04 内存8GB php7.2 控制台命令方式 50列 1000行就出现段错误,500行不会。500行耗时29.4952秒。

Trunk方式读取,也就是循环读取释放的方式,参考Reading large File increases Execution time & Memory (E.g file with 500000 records) · Issue #629 · PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet · GitHubphpspreadsheet 读取 Excel 表格问题https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/629

,不会出现段错误,而且在3种里面似乎效率最高。测试中,1000行分400行一次,耗时40.4761秒,分240行一次,39.2139行,分500行一次,39.5506行,基本上无差别,这似乎表明,时间并不是耗费在重复打开解压同一个文件上(Xlsx等带x的Office文件都是zip文件),而是耗费在解析这些单元格上。(10000行,400行一次,耗时473.7826秒)

带FileCache读取,1000行耗时51.2165秒(10000行耗时598.8875秒),没有速度优势,不过可以避免内存耗尽。另外,如果需要纵向的大量数据的公式计算,也只能用这种方式。

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