MQTT 是一种基于发布/订阅模式的 轻量级物联网消息传输协议 ，可以用极少的代码和带宽为联网设备提供实时可靠的消息服务，它广泛应用于物联网、移动互联网、智能硬件、车联网、电力能源等行业。

 

      因为公司下一个项目会使用MQTT接口，所以需要提前熟悉一下。

     下面主要了解如何在 Python 项目中使用 paho-mqtt 客户端库 ，实现客户端与 MQTT 服务器的连接、订阅、取消订阅、收发消息等功能。

　　

Python MQTT 使用

    连接 MQTT 服务器

    本次将使用 EMQ X 提供的 免费公共 MQTT 服务器，该服务基于 EMQ X 的 MQTT 物联网云平台 创建。服务器接入信息如下：

• Broker:192.168.1.51
• TCP Port: 1883
• Websocket Port: 8083

导入 Paho MQTT客户端

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client

 

消息发布代码

# python 3.6

import random
import time

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client


broker = '192.168.1.51'
port = 1883
topic = "zhoufu nb"
# generate client ID with pub prefix randomly
client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 1000)}'


def connect_mqtt():
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client


def publish(client):
    msg_count = 0
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        msg = f"messages: {msg_count}"
        result = client.publish(topic, msg)
        # result: [0, 1]
        status = result[0]
        if status == 0:
            print(f"Send `{msg}` to topic `{topic}`")
        else:
            print(f"Failed to send message to topic {topic}")
        msg_count += 1


def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()
    client.loop_start()
    publish(client)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

 

消息订阅代码

# python3.6

import random

from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client


broker = '192.168.1.51'
port = 1883
topic = "zhoufu nb"


client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 100)}'


def connect_mqtt() -> mqtt_client:
    def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
        if rc == 0:
            print("Connected to MQTT Broker!")
        else:
            print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc)

    client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id)
    client.on_connect = on_connect
    client.connect(broker, port)
    return client


def subscribe(client: mqtt_client):
    def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
        print(f"Received `{msg.payload.decode()}` from `{msg.topic}` topic")

    client.subscribe(topic)
    client.on_message = on_message


def run():
    client = connect_mqtt()
    subscribe(client)
    client.loop_forever()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()