server {

    listen       ;

    server_name  localhost;

    add_header X-Via $server_addr;

    add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {

        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

        index  index.html index.htm;

    }   

    location /forum/ {

        proxy_cache mycache;

        proxy_cache_valid  1d;

        proxy_cache_valid   10m;

        proxy_cache_valid any 1m;

        proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;

        proxy_pass http://upservers/;

        proxy_set_header Host $host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

        add_header X-Via $server_addr;    //启用添加自定义头部

        add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;

    }   

fastcgi模块的意义是：

nginx作为代理服务器，当客户端发起对nginx代理服务器的php类型资源的请求，比如是index.php，此时nginx代理服务器只是一个静态内容服务器，所以nginx就会把index.php的文件内容拿过来包装成响应报文后直接返回给客户端，但此时响应报文是源代码，客户端是看不懂的。

所以应该让nginx自持php应用代码的运行，但是nginx自己不支持，所以需要做一个php的服务器。此后nginx在接收到报文时就可以根据请求资源的后缀名进行判断，一旦是php，nginx就会使用特定协议将请求报文反向代理至php的server上，php服务器将会执行index.php上的代码并将执行后的结果返回值nginx代理服务器上，然后nginx就会把响应报文进行封装并返回给客户端。这又是一种反向代理，但是使用的协议是fastcgi协议而不是http协议。

 location ~ \.php$ {

        root           html;    //这里的页面要和上面nginx的web页面保持一致，修改如下
         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:;

        fastcgi_index  index.php;

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  //向后端传递的参数
                       //SCRIPT_FILENAME是变量名指令，用户请求的文件名(即变量名$fastcgi_script_name)，
                         通过uri(~ \.php$)的方式传递给后端的服务器(127.0.0.1:9000) 

        include fastcgi_params;   //包含另外一个文件
}  

# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/   //对主页面进行修改
# vim index.php

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

 # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf   

location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;   //并在根这里添加index.php

要对/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params做修改

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;

fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;

fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REQUEST_SCHEME     $scheme;

fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;

fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    ;

<?php

    $conn = mysql_connect('127.0.0.1','root','');

    if ($conn)

        echo succ；

    else

       echo fail；

    mysql_close();

?>

   location ~ \.php$ {    //对应的php的location中进行调用

        fastcgi_cache fcgicache;

        root           /usr/share/nginx/html;

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:;

        fastcgi_index  index.php;

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

        include        fastcgi_params;

    }   

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision:  $>

Copyright  Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/

Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.184.142 (be patient)

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Finished  requests

Server Software:        nginx/1.14.

Server Hostname:        192.168.184.142

Server Port:            

Document Path:          /test.php

Document Length:         bytes

Concurrency Level:

Time taken for tests:   4.891 seconds

Complete requests:

Failed requests:

   (Connect: , Receive: , Length: , Exceptions: )

Write errors:

Total transferred:       bytes

HTML transferred:        bytes
Requests per second:    2044.69 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       48.907 [ms] (mean)

Time per request:       0.489 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)

Transfer rate:          86863.18 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)

              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max

Connect:               0.5

Processing:          13.7

Waiting:             13.6

Total:               13.6          

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

 %     (longest request)

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision:  $>

Copyright  Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/

Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.184.142 (be patient)

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Completed  requests

Finished  requests

Server Software:        nginx/1.14.

Server Hostname:        192.168.184.142

Server Port:            

Document Path:          /test.php

Document Length:         bytes

Concurrency Level:

Time taken for tests:   0.527 seconds

Complete requests:

Failed requests:

Write errors:

Total transferred:       bytes

HTML transferred:        bytes
Requests per second:    18986.36 [#/sec] (mean)   //与上面的对比差距是非常大的
Time per request:       5.267 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.053 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)

Transfer rate:          806845.98 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)

              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max

Connect:               0.3

Processing:            0.9

Waiting:               0.9

Total:                 0.9             

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

  %

 %       (longest request)