SQL实现表名更改,列名更改,约束更改

  1. 修改表名

    格式:sp_rename tablename,newtablename

    sp_rename tablename,newtablename
  2. 修改字段名

    格式:sp_rename 'tablename.colname',newcolname,'column'

    sp_rename 'tablename.colname',newcolname,'column'
  3. 添加字段

    格式:alter table table_name add new_column data_type [interality_codition]

    示例1
    ALTER TABLE student Add nationality varchar(20) --示例2 添加int类型的列,默认值为 0
    alter table student add studentName int default 0
    --示例3 添加int类型的列,默认值为0,主键
    alter table student add studentId int primary key default 0    
    --示例4 判断student中是否存在name字段且删除字段
    if exists(select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('student') and name='name') begin
    alter table student DROP COLUMN name
    end
  4. 更改字段

    格式:alter table table_name alter column column_name

    ALTER TABLE student ALTER COLUMN name VARCHAR(200)
  5. 删除字段

    格式:alter table table_name drop column column_name

    ALTER TABLE student DROP COLUMN nationality;
  6. 查看字段约束

    格式: select * from information_schema.constraint_column_usage where TABLE_NAME = table_name

    SELECT TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM information_schema.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'student'
  7. 查看字段缺省约束表达式 (即默认值等)

    格式:select * from information_schema.columns where TABLE_NAME = table_name

    SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_DEFAULT FROM information_schema.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME='student'
  8. 查看字段缺省约束名

    格式:select name from sysobjects where object_id(table_name)=parent_obj and xtype=’D’

    select name from sysobjects
    where object_id('表?名?')=parent_obj and xtype='D'
  9. 删除字段约束

    格式:alter table tablename drop constraint constraintname

    ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT PK__student__2F36BC5B772B9A0B
  10. 添加字段约束

    格式:alter table tablename add constraint constraintname primary key (column_name)

    --示例1
    ALTER TABLE stuInfo ADD CONSTRAINT PK_stuNo PRIMARY KEY (stuNo)
    --示例2  添加主键约束(Primary Key)
    -- 存在主键约束PK_stuNO,则删除
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='PK_stuNo' and xtype='PK')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo
    Drop Constraint PK_stuNo
    Go
    -- 重新添加主键约束PK_stuNO
    ALTER TABLE stuInfo  ADD CONSTRAINT PK_stuNo PRIMARY KEY (stuNo)
    Go
    --示例3 添加 唯一UQ约束(Unique Constraint)
    -- 存在唯一约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='UQ_stuID' and xtype='UQ')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo
    Drop Constraint UQ_stuID
    Go
    -- 重新添加唯一约束UQ_stuID
    ALTER TABLE stuInfo ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_stuID UNIQUE (stuID)
    --示例4 添加默认DF约束(Default Constraint)
    -- 存在默认约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='DF_stuAddress' and xtype='D')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo Drop Constraint DF_stuAddress
    Go
    -- 重新添加默认约束DF_stuAddress
    ALTER TABLE stuInfo  ADD CONSTRAINT DF_stuAddress DEFAULT ('地址不详') FOR stuAddress
    --示例5 检查CK约束(Check Constraint)
    -- 存在检查约束UQ_stuNO,则删除
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='CK_stuAge' and xtype='C')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo Drop Cons
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