/*
说明：sql server如何通过pivot对数据进行行列转换（进阶），用于员工业绩按月龙虎排行榜、客户销售金额按月排行榜等
脚本来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang502219048/p/13173228.html
作者：zhang502219048
作者微信公众号：SQL数据库编程（微信号zhang502219048）
*/

declare @n int = 2

create table #t1
(
    [月份] nvarchar(50),
    [业务员] nvarchar(50),
    [金额] int
)
insert into #t1
values(N‘2020-01‘, N‘业务员1‘, N‘100‘)
    , (N‘2020-01‘, N‘业务员2‘, N‘200‘)
    , (N‘2020-02‘, N‘业务员2‘, N‘300‘)
    , (N‘2020-02‘, N‘业务员3‘, N‘400‘)
    , (N‘2020-03‘, N‘业务员4‘, N‘500‘)
    , (N‘2020-03‘, N‘业务员5‘, N‘600‘)
    , (N‘2020-04‘, N‘业务员1‘, N‘700‘)
    , (N‘2020-04‘, N‘业务员3‘, N‘800‘)

--select * from #t1

select [行序号] = row_number() over(partition by [月份] order by [金额] desc)
     , *
into #t2
from #t1

--select * from #t2

create table #t3
(
    [列序号] int,
    [行序号] int,
    [月份] nvarchar(50),
    [结果] nvarchar(50),
    [类型] nvarchar(50)
)

insert into #t3
select [列序号] = 1, [行序号], [月份], [结果] = [业务员], [类型] = [月份] + N‘-业务员‘
from #t2

insert into #t3
select [列序号] = 2, [行序号], [月份], [结果] = [金额], [类型] = [月份] + N‘-金额‘
from #t2

--select * from #t3

declare @sqlIn nvarchar(max) = ‘‘
select @sqlIn = @sqlIn + case when @sqlIn <> ‘‘ then ‘,‘ else ‘‘ end + ‘[‘ + [类型] + ‘]‘ 
from (select distinct [列序号], [月份], [类型] from #t3) a
order by [月份], [列序号]
--select @sqlIn

--行列转换后的目标数据
declare @sql nvarchar(max) = ‘
select top ‘ + cast(@n as nvarchar(10)) + @sqlIn + ‘
from (select [行序号], [结果], [类型] from #t3) D
pivot(max([结果]) for [类型] in (‘ + @sqlIn + ‘)) Q
order by [行序号]
‘
exec(@sql)

drop table #t1, #t2, #t3