from urllib import request

from lxml import etree

# url = '''http://bangumi.tv/anime/browser?sort=rank'''

# response = request.urlopen(url)

# html = response.read()

html = '''

 id="item_1728" class="item even clearit">

    <a href="/subject/1728" class="subjectCover cover ll">

            <span class="image">

            <img src="//lain.bgm.tv/pic/cover/s/71/37/1728_HLsCr.jpg" class="cover">

        </span>

        <span class="overlay"></span>

        </a>

    <div class="inner">

                                <h3>

                    <a href="/subject/1728" class="l">浪客剑心 追忆篇</a> <small class="grey">るろうに剣心 -明治剣客浪漫譚- 追憶編</small>

                </h3>

        <span class="rank"><small>Rank </small>12</span>

        <p class="info tip">

                         4话 /  1999年2月20日                    </p>

                <p class="rateInfo">

                        <span class="sstars9 starsinfo"></span> <small class="fade">8.8</small> <span class="tip_j">(2165人评分)</span>

                    </p>

    </div>

</li>

'''

html = etree.HTML(html)

result = etree.tostring(html)

print(result)

li_all = html.xpath('//a')

print(li_all)#[<Element a at 0x2ebe198>, <Element a at 0x2ebe170>]

# li_all = html.xpath('//a/@href')['/subject/1728', '/subject/1728']

# print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//a/@class')#['subjectCover cover ll', 'l']

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//a[@href="/subject/1728"]')#获取所有href等于这个的标签

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//div/a')#获取a标签下所有的子span标签

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//div//a')#获取a标签下所有的子孙span标签

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//div//a//@class')#获取a标签下所有的子孙span标签

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//div//p[last()]/span')#获取最后一个p元素的所有span标签

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//div//p[last()-1]')#获取倒数第二个个p元素的所有span标签

print(li_all[0].text)

li_all = html.xpath('string()')#过滤标签，返回所有文本

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//text()')#过滤标签，将每个文本存放于列表中

print(li_all)

li_all = html.xpath('//text()')

print(li_all[0].getparent().tag)#根据文本返回它的标签名

print(li_all[1].is_tail)

print(li_all[1].is_tail)#判断是普通文本还是tail文本