Java集合类的底层实现探索

List:

  ArrayList

    首先我们来看看jdk的ArrayList的add方法的源码是如何实现的:     

    public boolean add(E e) {
      ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
      elementData[size++] = e;
      return true;
    }

    在AarryList类有如下数组的定义

/**
    * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. --这是个存储ArrayList元素的数组
    * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer.  ---ArrayList的长度即是数组的长度
    */
    private transient Object[] elementData;

  综上所看,ArrayList底层存储的实现是通过一个数组来实现的

LinkedList

  上源码:

  /**
  * Pointer to first node.
  * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
  * (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
  */
  transient Node<E> first;

  /**
  * Pointer to last node.
  * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
  * (last.next == null && last.item != null)
  */
  transient Node<E> last;

  /**
  * Links e as last element.
  */
  void linkLast(E e) {
    final Node<E> l = last;
    final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
    last = newNode;
    if (l == null)
      first = newNode;
    else
      l.next = newNode;
    size++;
    modCount++;
   }

//在ArrayList内部是有这么一个作为"节点"的内部类的

private static class Node<E> {
    E item;
    Node<E> next;
    Node<E> prev;

    Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
      this.item = element;
      this.next = next;
      this.prev = prev;
    }
  }

个人理解:至此可以猜测到LinkedList底层实现是链表;这里代码只是列举了往集合末尾添加元素的情况,具体看linkLast(E e)这个方法

linkLast方法内会根据参数e生成Node,再根据tail具体情况,修改生成node的pre/next指向,存储形式也就是链表啦

  Map:

      map的底层实现是  数组+链表

           描述一下map存储key-value的过程:

             key和value两个对象put到map的时候,会被封装成Entry<K,V>实体对象;put过程会根据K值生成一个hash码值(int类型,不同的key可能会生成相同的hash码)

                   这个hash码会被当成数组的索引/下标(index),数组的每个下标对应一个hash码,而一个hash码对应一个链表(链表存储着具有相同hash码的对象)

                  比如: 现在要  map.put("aa","123");  "aa"对应的hash码是121

                                         map.put("bb","123"); "bb"对应的hash码也是121  执行put操作的时候程序会先到数组找到下标为121(也就是hash的数值)的链表,再通过链表存储put进来的对象

         具体代码:

    

    /**
    * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
    * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
    * value is replaced.
    *
    * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
    * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
    * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
    * <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
    * (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
    * previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
    */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
      if (key == null)
        return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);  //找出数组对应的下标
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {  //找到数组内对应下标的链表对象
          Object k;
        if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {  //原先key已经存在时,覆盖操作
          V oldValue = e.value;
          e.value = value;
          e.recordAccess(this);
          return oldValue;
        }
      }

      modCount++;
      addEntry(hash, key, value, i);//原先不存在key对应的Entry则在链表后添加
      return null;
     }

Set

         set的特点是无序,不重复

    // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();

    public boolean add(E e) {
      return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }

以上是HashSet源码,可以看出HashSet底层是通过Map来实现的,不重复实现:e的hash值相同时,Map会采取覆盖的形式,这样就不会有重复了

Map的无序也就自然导致了HashSet的无序了(hash值求法?HashCode与equals)

"打完收工"....

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